Culture 1 Carmen Li from Hong Kong SAR China 1 Chinese Culture Language 6 categories of Chinese Words 2 Chinese Language Unlike English alphabets each Chinese character represents a monosyllabic Chinese word or morpheme smallest grammatical unit in a language ID: 311528
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Enjoy Your Future- Culture (1)
Carmen Lifrom Hong Kong SAR, China
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Chinese Culture - Language
6 categories of Chinese Words
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Chinese Language
Unlike English alphabets, each Chinese character represents a monosyllabic Chinese word or morpheme (smallest grammatical unit in a language)
In
100
CE (AD 100),
the famed Han Dynasty scholar
Xu
Shen classified Chinese characters into six categories:Pictographs (象形)Simple Ideographs (指事)Compound Ideographs (會意)Phonetic Loans (假借)Phonetic Compounds (形聲)Derivative Characters (轉注)
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Pictographs
The oldest Chinese characters
Stylized
drawings of the objects they
represent
Of
these, only 4% were categorized as pictographs, including many of the simplest
characters4Slide5
Have a Guess!
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Also…
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Simple Ideographs
Characters that are direct iconic illustrations
Examples
上
(
shàng
) : up下 (xià) : downoriginally a dot above and below a line7Slide8
Compound Ideographs
Xu Shen
placed approximately 13% of characters in this
category
Translated
as logical aggregates or associative compounds, these characters have been interpreted as combining two or more pictographic or ideographic characters to suggest a third
meaning
Example:休 (xiū) : restcomposed of the pictograms 人 : person and 木 : tree酒 (jiǔ) : winecomposed of 酉 : wine brewing container and 水 : water
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Phonetic Loans
Covers cases where an existing character is used to represent an unrelated word with similar or identical pronunciation
Sometimes
the old meaning
is lost completely
Examples:
自
(zì) : its original meaning of "nose” has lost completely and exclusively means "oneself” now萬 (wàn) : originally meant "scorpion" but is now used only in the sense of "ten thousand”9Slide10
Phonetic Compounds
Xu Shen
placed
approximately 82% of characters into this category
Composed
of two
parts
one of a limited set of characters (the semantic indicator, often graphically simplified) which suggests the general meaninganother character (the phonetic indicator) whose pronunciation suggests the pronunciation10Slide11
Phonetic Compounds
Examples:河 (hé
) : river
湖
(
hú
) : lake
have a radical of three short strokes on the left, which is a simplified pictograph for a river, indicating that the character has a semantic connection with water; the right-hand side in each case is a phonetic indicator鎂 (měi) : magnesiumhave a radical of 金, which is a simplified pictograph for gold, indicating that the character has a semantic connection with metal; the right-hand side in each case is a phonetic indicator11Slide12
Derivative Characters
The smallest category of charactersAlso
the least
understood
The term does not appear in the body of the dictionary, and is often omitted from modern
systems
Examples:
考 (kǎo) : to verify老 (lǎo) : oldsimilar old Chinese pronunciationsmay once have been the same word, meaning "elderly person", but became lexicalized into two separate words12Slide13
Cultures in Hong Kong
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Hong Kong (HK)
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Cultural Background
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Majority
of Hong Kong's people are ethnically Han
Chinese
From 1842 to 1997, HK was under the rule
as a separate British
colony for 155 yearsPolitical separation from the rest of mainland China have resulted in a unique local identitySlide16
Cultural Background
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Elements of Traditional Chinese culture combining British western influences have shaped Hong Kong in every facet of the
city
Spanning
from law, politics, education, language, food, and the way of
thought…Slide17
Languages
“Biliterate and
Trilingual”
Official Languages
(Traditional) Chinese
English
Spoken Languages
CantoneseEnglishMandarin17Slide18
Let’s try!!!
What’s your Chinese name?Let’s learn to write your Chinese name andsome Chinese blessing phrases on Red Banners!!
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Examples
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Chinese New Year (CNY)
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Chinese New Year is an important traditional Chinese
holiday
Also
known as the Spring
Festival
1st day of the 1st month in the Chinese Lunar CalendarSlide21
CNY Origin
According to tales and legends, the beginning of Chinese New Year started with the fight against a mythical beast called the Nian
Nian
would come on the first day of New Year to eat livestock, crops, and even villagers, especially
children
To
protect themselves, the villagers would put food in front of their doors at the beginning of every year. It was believed that after the Nian ate the food they prepared, it wouldn’t attack any more peopleOne day people saw that the Nian was scared away by a little child wearing red. The villagers then understood that the Nian was afraid of the color redEvery time when the New Year was about to come, the villagers would hang red lanterns and red spring scrolls (RED BANNERS!!) on windows and doorsPeople also used firecrackers to frighten away the Nian. From then on, Nian never came to the village
again
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Common Blessings
恭喜發財 : Wishing you prosperity招財進寶 : May money and treasure be plentiful
生意興隆
: Business prospers
出入平安
: Wishing you safety wherever you go
萬事如意
: Everything goes as you hope青春常駐 : Full of youthful vigour和氣生財 : Harmony brings wealth學業進步 : May you excel at your studies22Slide23
Common Blessings
一本萬利 : May you make great profits步步高昇 : Be promoted to a higher position
花開富貴
: Fortune comes with blooming flowers
身壯力健
: Be healthy and vigorous all year
金玉滿堂
: Treasures fill the home新春大吉 : Good fortune in the New Year心想事成 : May all your wishes come true龍馬精神 : The energy of a dragon and a horse23