PROTEIN PROTEIN Protein - PowerPoint Presentation

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PROTEIN

PROTEINSlide2

Protein

A nutrient found in all living things. It contains nitrogen and is responsible for the formation, maintenance, and repair of the body’s tissues/ It can also be used for energy. CHNOSlide3

Amino acids

These are the building blocks of protein molecules. A molecule that combines with other amino acid molecules to make proteins

20 different amino acids are found in protein foods

Amino acids chain together to form TENS OF THOUSANDS of different proteins-about 30,000.

They can be arranged in any way.Slide4

Denaturation

Protein molecules can change their shape and take on new characteristics.Heats, acids, bases, and alcohol can denature proteins.

Think of an egg being cooked, meat becoming tender-this is denaturation. Once they are denatured they can never return to their original state. (A cooked egg can’t become a chick)Stomach acid denatures protein so the body can use it. Slide5

Essential amino acid

Your body makes 11. These are called non-essential since your body makes them.

The other 9 come from food.The 9 amino acid you need and your body cannot make, are ESSENTIAL amino acidsBasically, it is essential that you eat food with this acid so you can treat your body healthy!OUR INES! Just like proteins!

Phenylalanine

Valine

Threonine

Tryptophan

Isoleucine

Methionine

Histidine

Leucine

LysineSlide6

Complete proteins

Using the knowledge of needing to eat to get essential amino acids, there are certain foods that you get the most bang for your buck!

COMPLETE proteins have all 9 essential amino acidsMEATPOULTRYFISHEGGSMILKSOYGelatin is the only animal protein that is not considered a complete protein. Slide7

Incomplete proteins

A food that lacks one or more essential amino acids

Most plant foods are incomplete proteins when they stand aloneComplementary proteins: 2 or more incomplete proteins combine to make a complete protein. Legumes + rice/corn/nuts= a complete proteinCan have combinations at different meals and still get the same, healthy results)Slide8

A general guideline to create a complete protein=

Legumes (beans, peas, peanuts) + Nuts, seeds, grains

Grains with Legumes - sample meal: lentils and rice with yellow peppers. Nuts with Legumes -  sample meal: black bean and peanut salad. Slide9

Multiple Functions of Protein

Build & Maintain TissuesMake Important Compounds

Regulate Mineral & Fluid BalanceMaintain Acid Base BalanceCarry Vital SubstancesProvide EnergySlide10

Build and Maintain Tissues

proteins are constantly broken down and replaced

As your body grows it uses protein to make new tissues.You need a CONTINOUS(un-interruped) supply of protein to grow and repairSlide11

Makes important compounds

Protein creates enzymes.Enzymes cause specific chemical reactions that take place in every cell in your body which is made possible by these special proteins

Create hormonesCreate antibodies that defend against disease & infectionSlide12

Regulate mineral & fluid balance

Proteins help carry potassium & sodium from one side of the cell wall to the otherThis helps the flow of water through cell membranes.

This helps balance fluid inside and outside of cells so heart, lungs, brain etc. can all function normally. Slide13

Maintain Acid base balance

Acid base balance refers to the correct level of acid in the body.

If blood becomes too acidic, it’s life threatening. Proteins in the blood act as buffers-meaning it counteracts the amount of acid. Slide14

Carry Vital substances

Proteins + Fats = Lipoproteins, carries fat in the blood stream so it can be used

Carries oxygen and ironSlide15

Provide energy

If carbohydrates & fats are lacking in the diet, the body will use protein as its energy source.

Protein carries 4 calories per gramThe body will also use protein as an energy source if there is TOO MUCH protein in the diet. Slide16

How much do I need?

10 to 30 percent of your calories should come from proteins

Take your daily calorie requirement ______??????___________How many calories should come from protein:Find your percentage(10)Daily calories (2800) X .10 = 280 calories each dayProtein has four calories per gram, so divide these number by four to determine the number of grams neededSlide17

Excess Protein

If you eat too much, it can harm you!Too much is hard on the digestive system

Excess protein is broken down and stored by the body as fat, which an lead to weight gainMost healthy people do not need supplements with protein or amino acids, because they choose a variety of foodsSlide18

Inadequate protein

Protein-energy malnutrition PEM occurs when a person dos not get enough calories and protein

One of the most common forms of malnutrition in the world!Drug addictions and eating disorders can also lead to thisSlide19

Vegetarians have long argued that it is possible, with careful planning, to meet daily protein requirements without consuming animal sources.

Vegetarians fall into the following groups:

Vegans: consume foods only from plant sourcesLacto-vegetarians: eat foods from plant sources and dairy productsOvo-vegetarians: eat foods from plant sources and eggsLacto-ovo vegetarians: eat foods from plant sources, dairy products, and eggsSemi-vegetarians: eat no red meat, but eat poultry and seafoodSlide20

Plants and protein

BENEFITS: By eating more protein from plant sources, you intake less fat and have more fiber than from animal sources

DRAWBACK: May not get all of the essential amino acids. Must eat a variety of plant based proteins in order to do so. They also need to take special care to ensure adequate consumption of certain vitamins and minerals that are not supplied by a diet rich in plant sources. These nutrients include: zinc, calcium, iron, Vitamin D, and Vitamin B12.Meatless dishes with complete proteins include rice and beans, a peanut butter sandwich, hummus on pita breadSoybeans, quinoa, and buck wheat have complete proteinsTofu, and soy milk add during preparationSlide21

Health benefits

Most vegetarians enjoy health benefits from eating a diet that is generally high in fiber and low in saturated fats and cholesterol. Vegetarianism doesn’t guarantee proper nutrition. Just as every other population, vegetarians need to be mindful of fat intake and calorie intake. They also need to take special care to ensure adequate consumption of certain vitamins and minerals that are not supplied by a diet rich in plant sources. These nutrients include: zinc, calcium, iron, Vitamin D, and Vitamin B12.