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William G. Huitt William G. Huitt

William G. Huitt - PowerPoint Presentation

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William G. Huitt - PPT Presentation

Educational Psychology Interactive Behavioral Learning Theories Last rev June 2012 Behavioral Learning Theory Focus Direct connection of environmental stimuli to overt behavior of organism Biological Maturation Recognized as existing but not considered relevant to describe learning ID: 247779

learning theory classical conditioning theory learning conditioning classical behavior behavioral response organism contiguity operant stimulus dogs stimuli theories paradigm

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Slide1

William G. Huitt

Educational Psychology Interactive

Behavioral Learning Theories

Last rev: June 2012Slide2

Behavioral Learning Theory

Focus: Direct connection of environmental stimuli to overt behavior of organism

Biological Maturation: Recognized as existing, but not considered relevant to describe learning.Slide3

Behavioral Learning Theory

Learning: defined as “the relatively permanent change in behavior brought about as a result of experience or practice.”

While learning is an internal event, it is not recognized as learning until it is displayed by overt behavior.Slide4

Behavioral Learning Theory

Represented as an S-R paradigm; organism is treated as a “black box.”

Stimulus

(S)

Organism

(

O)

Response

(R)Slide5

Behavioral Learning Theory

Assumption: Direct

connection between stimuli and overt behavior Contiguity: association learningClassical conditioning: involuntary behaviorOperant conditioning: voluntary behaviorSlide6

Contiguity Theory

Major theorist: E. R. Guthrie

Basic principle: any stimulus and response connected in time and/or space will tend to be associated.Slide7

Contiguity Theory

Examples:

Baseball player associates particular wrist band with hitting home runsSlide8

Contiguity Theory

Examples:

Student associates study technique with making good gradesSlide9

Contiguity Theory

Guthrie’s theory: one of the foundations for the development of more cognitively-oriented neural network theorySlide10

Classical Conditioning Theory

First type of learning discovered within behaviorist tradition (hence the name classical)

Major theorist: Ivan Pavlov—Russian scientist trained in biology and medicine (as was his Austrian contemporary, Sigmund Freud)Slide11

Classical Conditioning Theory

Pavlov studied digestive system of dogsSlide12

Classical Conditioning Theory

Pavlov studied digestive system of dogs

Became intrigued with the observation that dogs deprived of food began to salivate when one of his assistants walked into the roomSlide13

Classical Conditioning Theory

Pavlov studied digestive system of dogs

Found that dogs were learning to associate two stimuli: One that automatically and reflexively elicited a responseOne that was attended to by the organismSlide14

Operant Conditioning

The study of the impact of consequences on voluntary behavior.

Major theoristsEdward ThorndikeJohn WatsonB. F. Skinner

Dominant learning paradigm in USA psychology from the 1930s to the 1950sSlide15

Operant Conditioning

Classical conditioning: S-R paradigm

Operant conditioning: R-S paradigm

Response

(R)

Organism

(

O)

Stimulus

(S)

In both cases, organism is treated as a “black box.”Slide16

Behavioral Learning Theories

Contiguity theory: stimuli and responses are associated, sometimes in somewhat random ways

Classical conditioning: stimulus “elicits” the response.Operant conditioning: “emitted” response followed by stimulus that changes the likelihood the response will occur again (i.e., increases or decreases) Slide17

Behavioral Learning Theories

To

learn more about classical conditioning.To learn more about operant conditioning.