Educational Psychology Interactive Behavioral Learning Theories Last rev June 2012 Behavioral Learning Theory Focus Direct connection of environmental stimuli to overt behavior of organism Biological Maturation Recognized as existing but not considered relevant to describe learning ID: 247779
Download Presentation The PPT/PDF document "William G. Huitt" is the property of its rightful owner. Permission is granted to download and print the materials on this web site for personal, non-commercial use only, and to display it on your personal computer provided you do not modify the materials and that you retain all copyright notices contained in the materials. By downloading content from our website, you accept the terms of this agreement.
Slide1
William G. Huitt
Educational Psychology Interactive
Behavioral Learning Theories
Last rev: June 2012Slide2
Behavioral Learning Theory
Focus: Direct connection of environmental stimuli to overt behavior of organism
Biological Maturation: Recognized as existing, but not considered relevant to describe learning.Slide3
Behavioral Learning Theory
Learning: defined as “the relatively permanent change in behavior brought about as a result of experience or practice.”
While learning is an internal event, it is not recognized as learning until it is displayed by overt behavior.Slide4
Behavioral Learning Theory
Represented as an S-R paradigm; organism is treated as a “black box.”
Stimulus
(S)
Organism
(
O)
Response
(R)Slide5
Behavioral Learning Theory
Assumption: Direct
connection between stimuli and overt behavior Contiguity: association learningClassical conditioning: involuntary behaviorOperant conditioning: voluntary behaviorSlide6
Contiguity Theory
Major theorist: E. R. Guthrie
Basic principle: any stimulus and response connected in time and/or space will tend to be associated.Slide7
Contiguity Theory
Examples:
Baseball player associates particular wrist band with hitting home runsSlide8
Contiguity Theory
Examples:
Student associates study technique with making good gradesSlide9
Contiguity Theory
Guthrie’s theory: one of the foundations for the development of more cognitively-oriented neural network theorySlide10
Classical Conditioning Theory
First type of learning discovered within behaviorist tradition (hence the name classical)
Major theorist: Ivan Pavlov—Russian scientist trained in biology and medicine (as was his Austrian contemporary, Sigmund Freud)Slide11
Classical Conditioning Theory
Pavlov studied digestive system of dogsSlide12
Classical Conditioning Theory
Pavlov studied digestive system of dogs
Became intrigued with the observation that dogs deprived of food began to salivate when one of his assistants walked into the roomSlide13
Classical Conditioning Theory
Pavlov studied digestive system of dogs
Found that dogs were learning to associate two stimuli: One that automatically and reflexively elicited a responseOne that was attended to by the organismSlide14
Operant Conditioning
The study of the impact of consequences on voluntary behavior.
Major theoristsEdward ThorndikeJohn WatsonB. F. Skinner
Dominant learning paradigm in USA psychology from the 1930s to the 1950sSlide15
Operant Conditioning
Classical conditioning: S-R paradigm
Operant conditioning: R-S paradigm
Response
(R)
Organism
(
O)
Stimulus
(S)
In both cases, organism is treated as a “black box.”Slide16
Behavioral Learning Theories
Contiguity theory: stimuli and responses are associated, sometimes in somewhat random ways
Classical conditioning: stimulus “elicits” the response.Operant conditioning: “emitted” response followed by stimulus that changes the likelihood the response will occur again (i.e., increases or decreases) Slide17
Behavioral Learning Theories
To
learn more about classical conditioning.To learn more about operant conditioning.