Anxiety Disorder Definition and Symptoms - PowerPoint Presentation

1. Anxiety Disorder

2. Definition and SymptomsThe term “anxiety” is defined as diffused, vague, and very unpleasant feeling, sense of fear and apprehension about possible dangers.Symptoms of anxiety are nervousness, tension, dizziness, frequent urination, defecation, heart palpitation, breathlessness, sweating, trembling, worry and apprehension, sleeplessness, difficulty in concentrating, hyper vigilance

3. DSM-5Excessive anxiety and worry (occurring at least for 6 months)The individual finds it difficult to control the worry.The anxiety and worry are associated with three of the following six groups:RestlessnessBeing easily fatiguedIrritability Difficulty concentrating or mind going blankMuscle tensionSleep disturbanceThe anxiety/worry/physical symptoms cause clinically significant distress or impairment in social, occupational, or other important areas of functioningThe disturbance is not attributable to the physiological effect of substance abuse and other important areas of functioningThese disturbances are unrelated to any other medical condition and cannot be explained by the effect of substance including prescription medication, alcohol or recreational drug and is not better explained by another medical disorder

4. CausesI. PSYCHOSOCIAL CAUSAL FACTORS:-Psychoanalytic viewpointGAD is classically conditioned Role of predictable and uncontrollable events: History of experiencing many unpredictable and uncontrollable events in their life.Have far less tolerance for uncertainty than non anxious controlsContent of anxious thought: Cognitive biases for threatening environment- II. BIOLOGICAL FACTORS:- Functional deficiency of GABA(Gamma amino butyric acid):

5. Phobia

6. DefinitionPhobia is a persistent and disproportionate fear of some specific and actual object or situation that possess little or no actual danger to a person. Phobia is derived from a Greek word "Phobos" which means "Greek God of fear". People with GAD don't know exactly what they are afraid of but in phobia they know it. Fear is one of proportion and inexplicable and beyond vocabulary condition. The degree of fear we feel about a potentially harmful event is linked not to the degree of threat but to the disturbing quality of the event or situation. Many of us have fears but in phobia such fears are intense and often interfere significantly with everyday activities. Mainly it's categorized into 3 categories viz., 1.Specific phobia 2.Agora phobia 3.Social phobia Avoidance is cardinal characteristic of phobia disorder. Regardless of how it begins, it is reinforced by the reduction of anxiety that occurs each time a fearful situation is avoided. They know it's irrational but they say they can't avoid it. They feel helpless.

7. Subtypes5 sub types:- Animal subtype (e.g., spiders, insects, dogs). Natural environment subtype (e.g., heights, storms, water).Blood-injection injury subtype (e.g., needles, invasive medical procedures). Situational(for ex, airplane,, elevator, enclosed spaces) Atypical subtype (choking and vomiting).Blood injection injury: The person shows a peculiar physiological response. They show a simple increase in health rate and BP as observed in other phobic disorder but this is followed by nausea, dizziness, fainting. 75% have a history of fainting in these situation.

8. DSM-5 criteria for social phobia include DSM-5 criteria for social phobia include A. Marked fear or anxiety about one or more social situations in which the individual is exposed to possible scrutiny by others. Examples include social interactions (e.g., having a conversation, meeting unfamiliar people), being observed (e.g., eating or drinking), and performing in front of others (e.g., giving a speech).Note: In children, the anxiety must occur in peer settings and not just during interactions with adults.B. The individual fears that he or she will act in a way or show anxiety symptoms that will be negatively evaluated (i.e., will be humiliating or embarrassing: will lead to rejection or offend others).C. The social situations almost always provoke fear or anxiety.Note: In children, the fear or anxiety may be expressed by crying, tantrums, freezing, clinging, shrinking, or failing to speak in social situations.D. The social situations are avoided or endured with intense fear or anxiety.

9. DSM-5 criteria for social phobia include E. The fear or anxiety is out of proportion to the actual threat posed by the social situation and to the sociocultural context.F. The fear, anxiety, or avoidance is persistent, typically lasting for 6 months or more.G. The fear, anxiety, or avoidance causes clinically significant distress or impairment in social, occupational, or other important areas of functioning.H. The fear, anxiety, or avoidance is not attributable to the physiological effects of a substance (e.g., a drug of abuse, a medication) or another medical condition.I. The fear, anxiety, or avoidance is not better explained by the symptoms of another mental disorder, such as panic disorder, body dysmorphic disorder, or autism spectrum disorder.J. If another medical condition (e.g., Parkinson’s disease, obesity, disfigurement from bums or injury) is present, the fear, anxiety, or avoidance is clearly unrelated or is excessive.

10. Types of social phobia A. Generalized social phobia: B. Performance related social phobia:

11. Causes or etiology of phobia A. Biological causal factor Genetic and temperamental or personality variables: Panic and brain: B. Psychosocial causal factorPsychodynamic causes: Phobias are learned behaviours:Classical learning : Observational/vicarious learningPreparedness:Evolutionary history : Dominance hierarchy: Evolutionary predispositionC. Cognitive and behavioural causal factorCognitive:Perceived control and safety:

12. Post Traumatic Stress DisorderPTSD is characterised by development and maintenance of behavioural, emotional and anxiety symptoms following exposure to an extremely traumatic event.

13. Post Traumatic Stress DisorderA traumatic eventCommon traumatic events Signs and SymptomsSymptoms and DiagnosisASD and PTSD3 stages responses following a disaster

14. Treatments and TherapiesPsychotherapyExposure therapy. Cognitive restructuring. Cognitive behavioral therapy Stress Inoculation Therapy Psychodynamic therapy