Correctly understand how to read numbers Oftentimes you will see something that says in millions 16244600 What about 68 in billions What about 06 in trillions Understand the global and US trends regarding ID: 656661
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Slide1
Module 3
International comparisons of health and health expendituresSlide2
Correctly understand how to read numbers
Oftentimes, you will see something that says in (millions)
16,244,600
What about 6.8 (in billions)
What about 0.6 (in trillions)Slide3
Understand the global and US trends regarding
Population (US/Georgia/Atlanta)
Global
GDP
Area
Population
Richest/PoorestSlide4
Trends continued
US
Richest/poorest = states
Richest/poorest = cities
Healthiest/unhealthiest = states Slide5
Understand the stroke belt
Stroke belt
Unusual high incidences of stroke and other CV diseases
Possible reasonsSlide6
Identify examples of countries fall under each category
Low-income = underdeveloped
Middle-income = developing
High-income = developedSlide7
Understand terminology
Micro/macro allocation of goods
Micro = individual spending
Macro = national spending
People/nations spend
Luxury goods = See PowerPointSlide8
Differentiate between causality and correlation
Correlation = relationship between two = one is more likely to result in the other, but doesn’t mean it causesSlide9
Understand common types of international trade in health care
See PowerPoint
Medical tourism Slide10
The state of health in the world
Global health conditions have improved
Still significant issues that plague the worldSlide11
Global health issues
Poverty
Disability Slide12
Epidemiological transition
ET = change in the type of diseases and illnesses experienced within a society
1
st
Development of urban centers
2
nd
rise of chronic and degenerative diseases
3
rd
reemergence of infectious diseasesSlide13
Diseases of poverty
Infant child mortality
Malnutrition
Food safety
Acute respiratory infections
Diarrheal diseaseSlide14
Diseases of the affluence
Arthritis
Cancer
CVD
Diabetes
Hypertension Slide15
Addition of new diseases in less-wealthy
Tobacco use
Alcohol use
Intentional violence: Suicide, homicide, and warfare
Dietary imbalance
Changes in physical activity
Automobiles
Environment
Workplace injuriesSlide16
Models of financing
Entrepreneurial model
Mandated insurance model
National health services model Slide17
Models of financing and organization of health systems
Type
of country
Entrepreneurial model
Mandated insurance model
National health service model
High
income
US
South
Korea
Argentina
Germany
Italy
France
UK
Japan
Canada
Middle income
China
Mexico
Botswana
Brazil
Jamaica
South Africa
Costa
Rica
Cuba
Poland
Russia
Turkey
Low income
Congo
India
Nigeria
Slide18
Financing health services
General tax revenue
Social insurance
Voluntary insurance
Charitable donations
Individual payment Slide19
High-income countries characteristics
Government funding
All of the countries, except the US, guarantee health coverage for all citizens
All are struggling to control costs Slide20
Middle-income country characteristics
Government funding
Typically devote a smaller portion of the GDP to health care Slide21
Low-income country characteristics
Little government funding for health care
Private payments account for more than 50%
Little private insurance is available Slide22
Rank
Country
LE
Payroll
tax
Sales tax
% Gov’t funding
HE per capita
1
Monaco
89.52
38-54%
5-19%
18.8
8,148.81
2
Japan
84.74
25.63%
8%
20.3
3,702.95
3
Singapore
84.68
11-36%
7%
14.2
2,752.32
8
Andorra
82.72
0%
1 or 4%
27.9
3,746.33
9
Switzerland
82.50
N/A
2,
3, or 8%
22.7
9,673.52
18
Canada
81.76
9%
5%
18.8
5,291.75
19
France
81.75
25-30%
2, 5, 7, 20%
15.7
4,958.99
32
Germany
80.57
41%
7, 19%
19.7
5,410.63
33
UK
80.54
0-25%
20%
16.5
3,934.82
43
United States
79.68
20%
0-11%
21.3
9,402.52
222
Afghanistan
50.87
N/A
2 – 5%
12
56.57
223
Guinea-Bissau
50.23
?
?
7.8
37.28
224
Chad
49.81
?
9
37.10Slide23
LE in the US
Gender
Racial/ethnicity Slide24
What causes high LE? Slide25
What causes low LE? Slide26
Medical tourism
Why is medical tourism so popular?