Another way of classifying chemical compounds Organic Compounds In science organic compounds contain carbon C and usually hydrogen H Sometimes other types of atoms are also attached including ID: 595973
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Slide1
Organic vs. Inorganic Compounds
Another way of classifying chemical compounds… Slide2
Organic Compounds
In science, organic compounds contain
carbon
(
C), and usually hydrogen (H)Sometimes other types of atoms are also attached, including: oxygen, halogens, and nitrogenSlide3
Is that why foods
are called“organic”?
Organic actually derives from “
coming from life
”, because the compounds that plants and animals make are all C-compoundsThis is not the meaning of organic foods though!In this case organic refer to being produced without chemicals (ironically many of these chemicals are actually
ORGANIC compounds
!)Slide4
Inorganic Compounds
Inorganic compounds
do not
contain carbon with three exceptions:
Carbon Monoxide and Carbon DioxideCompounds containing cyanide (CN-) and carbonate (CO
3
-
) ions
Acids containing C
—these can be identified because H is written
before the C!Slide5
Why are organic compounds so special?
Carbon has four
electrons in its valence shell, which allows for more chemical bonding possibilities than any other element.
Long chains of carbons
form petroleum and plasticsSome cyclic (“circular”) rings of carbons form pesticidesThe acetaminophen molecule:the active ingredient in Tylenol Slide6
Hydrocarbons
A hydrocarbon is an organic compound that contains only
carbon
and
hydrogen.Hydrocarbons are based on a carbon “backbone”, or chain, with hydrogen atoms added on the sidesSlide7
You know about hydrocarbons already!
The simplest hydrocarbons are ones that you might recognize and have even used!
Methane (CH
4
)--- main component of natural gasEthane (C2H6)--- also found in natural gasPropane (C3H8) --- used as a fuel for BBQsButane (C4H10
) ---
an
extremely flammable
fluid used in industrial torches
Octane (C
8H18)---
a combustible liquid in gasoline
All hydrocarbons are flammable, and
most
are liquids at room temperatureSlide8
Alcohols are hydrocarbons too…
Alcohols are organic compounds with C, H and O.
The simplest alcohols are:
Methanol (CH
4O)--- used in labs as a solvent but causes blindness!Ethanol (C2H6O)---is a psychoactive drug (present in alcohol), but is now being considered as a fuel sourceIsopropyl alcohol (C3H8O)---rubbing alcohol used to sterile cuts
Alcohols are generally very flammable
MUST END IN (OH)Slide9
ORGANIC OR NOT???
DNA
ORGANIC---DNA is has a sugar backbone, which consists of carbon, hydrogen and oxygen
Slide10
ORGANIC OR NOT???
Vegetable Oil
ORGANIC--- oils and fats are long-chain carbon compounds, which are used by living things as a way of storing energySlide11
ORGANIC OR NOT???
Sulphuric Acid
NOT!
Sulphuric
acid (H2SO4) is the strong acid found in car batteries, but doesn’t contain carbon and isn’t organic Slide12
ORGANIC OR NOT???
Corn starch
ORGANIC! Starch is produced by plants as a way of storing sugars that they don’t need right awaySlide13
ORGANIC OR NOT???
Copper (II) Sulphate
NOT! Copper (II)
sulphate
is a beautiful blue crystal, but does not contain carbon and is definitely not organic! Slide14
Three different representations:
Structural formula- lists the elements and their proportions in the order they are bonded
Methane
CH
4
Methanol
CH
3
OH
Acetic Acid (Vinegar)
CH
3
COOH Slide15
Three different representations:
Ball-and-stick model- each element is given a different
colour
and/or size and the picture shows how many and how the elements are bonded
Each black ball represent C… Each white ball represents H…The red ball represents O… This is Ethanol! (alcohol group -0H)Slide16
Three different representations:
Space-filling model- similar to a ball-and-stick model, but an animated model that shows how elements are connected
Heme
- the iron-containing component of hemoglobin, C
34H32FeN4O4
Methylisocyanate
- a valuable synthetic component for biology CH
3
N=C=S