Todays Objectives By the end of the session all learners will have Developed own interpretation of trait theory through discussions in small groups based around Eysencks theory Identified at least 5 evaluation points of the theory ID: 782416
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Slide1
Personality
1.2 Theories
Slide2Today’s Objectives
By the end of the session all learners will have:
Developed own interpretation of trait theory through discussions in small groups based around Eysenck’s theory
Identified at least 5 evaluation points of the theory
Considered the application of the theory to the area of sport
Developed own interpretation of the relevance the measure of personality and theory has to sport using the key study of Kroll & Crenshaw ~ small group discussion to support own interpretation
Identified at least 5 evaluation points of the key study
Considered the application of personality to the area of sport drawing on all 3 studies
Some learners will have:
Lead a discussion in small groups
Contributed small groups ideas to class discussion
Identified more than 5 evaluation points
Slide3Who is Eysenck??!
Primarily based on
physiology and
genetics
Eysenck was a behaviourist ~ learned
habits
important
Considers
personality differences as growing out of our genetic
inheritance
Primarily
interested in what is usually called
temperament ~ the aspect
of our personalities that is genetically
based, inborn
, there from birth or even before.
Does
not mean that a temperament theory says we don't also have aspects of our personality that are learned,
Eysenck
focused on "nature," and left "nurture" to other
theorists
Slide4Eysenck ~ Background
Two dimensions of a personality
Extroversion
(positive, how outgoing or self contained a person is)
Neuroticism
(negative, stable or unstable a person is)
Later added a third…
Psychoticism
(aggression, mental instability)
Slide5Background cont.
Based on factor analysis
Developed a hierarchical taxonomy
Behaviour ~ revising for an exam
Habits ~ preferring to revise with peers
Factors ~ that you a sociable
Superfactors
~ Dimensions of extroversion, neuroticism, psychoticism
Slide6Biological basis of Eysenck’s Trait Theory
Read the booklets and make notes in relation to the biological basis of the theory
Main points ….
RAS monitors arousal
Extrovert = under aroused, gets bored, seeks stimulation to maintain good level of activation
Louder, more outgoing, attention seeking, lack concentration
Opposite for introverted
ANS responds to emotion- producing stimuli
Neurotic = rapid and strong response to stress
Low anxiety, anxious, moody, restless, fight or flight in small stressful situations – easily upset
Opposite for stable
Testosterone affects psychoticism ~ justifying aggression and psychotic episodes
Slide7Eysenck’s Trait Theory
In
small groups, consider what sports you may find specific individuals with 1 of the 4 personality traits
Slide8Evaluation of the Theory
What are some strengths to this theory?
Reliable?
Valid?
What are some weaknesses?
Useful?
Generalizable?
Slide9Are you a Psychopath???!
This is a story about a girl.
While at the funeral of her own mother, she met a guy whom she did not know. She thought this guy was amazing, so much the dream guy that she was searching for that she fell in love with him immediately.
However, she never asked for his name or number and afterward could not find anyone who knew who he was.
A few days later the girl killed her own
sister.
Question
: Why did she kill her sister?
Slide10Answer…
If
the first answer that springs to your mind is some variation of jealousy and revenge – she discovers her sister has been seeing the man behind her back – then you are in the clear.
But
if your first response to this puzzle is "because she was hoping the man would turn up to her sister's funeral as well", then by some accounts you have the qualities that might qualify you to be a cold-blooded
killer!
Same qualities:
an
absence of emotion in decision making,
a cold focus on outcomes, an extremely ruthless and egocentric logic – which tend to show up in disproportionate degrees in all those individuals.
So….If you answered this correctly, you think like a psychopath!!
Slide111.3 Relevance
Are some personalities more likely to be successful in sport that others?
Why?
Are some more suited to certain sports than others?
Why?
??? Introverts ~ solo sports (long distance running)
??? Extroverts ~ high energy (rugby)
Slide12One theory is that there are people that are naturally athletic
Credulous – sceptical argument
= the debate that the impact of personality has on sports performance
Credulous = athletic performance CAN be predicted from personality / personality traits
Sceptical = athletic performance CAN NOT be predicted from personality profiles
Research that supports this ….
Cox (2000) personality is ONE factor that contributes to success
Schurr
et al. (1997), Hardman (1973), Cooper (1969) athletes DO have different personalities than non-athletes (
e.g
independent and less anxious, more self confidence)What came first though????!!!Williams and Parkin (1980) used
Cattell’s 16PF compared personality profiles of hockey players ~ clear distinction between different levels of players (eg. Club, international and national etc
)
Slide13Key Study ~
Kroll & Crenshaw
Read study and make notes / annotate
Aim ~
comparison of personality profiles using the 16F
Different sports where competitors are at established levels of achievement
Design ~
independent measures ~ 4 sports
Participants ~
387 athletes, regional or national, wide area of middle geographical section of America, skills were excellent / superior
Procedure ~
16PF, MMPI administered. Athletic quality controlled by selecting those described as excellent / superior. Statistical analysis used to determine whether groups could be compared based on profile as a whole or individual components
Results ~ sig diff between groupsUsing the 16PF from last lesson, use the table to
identify what the major contributing factors were for the groups.
Football
WrestlingSimilar
FootballGymnasticsSig
H
C L Q
2
Football
Karate
Sig
H L G Q
2
Wrestling
Gymnastics
Sig
H B
Q
1
Q
2
Wrestling
Karate
Sig
Q
2
Q
4
N G
Gymnastics
Karate
Sig diff
Q
4
G F B
Slide14Evaluate ….
Using the evaluation tool I developed for you
, evaluate
the study….
Reliability
Ethnocentrism
Generalizability
Usefulness
Nature vs Nurture
Validity
Slide15Evaluation
Attempts to compare personalities in different sports are sparse and that there was a lack of defined samples for each
sport
Not be assumed that samples truly represent the sports studied
American sports
studied
Not equal group sizes
Slide16Personality Tests and predictions
http://
www.youtube.com/watch?v=IFL6RRNuNKc
http
://
www.dailymail.co.uk/sciencetech/article-2515507/How-Facebook-status-updates-reveal-youre-PSYCHOPATH.html
HOMEWORK
~ read over all 3 studies ensuring you understand all relevant points
Ensure you have developed evaluation points for all
For further info on personality there is a good program that is in parts on you tube ~ child of our time – personality . I will put the link
on the Blog. Is useful to help understanding but remember you need to be linking it to the area of sport in preparation for the exam
Slide17Today we have….
A
ll
learners have:
Developed own interpretation of trait theory through discussions in small groups based around Eysenck’s theory
Identified at least 5 evaluation points of the theory
Considered the application of the theory to the area of sport
Developed own interpretation of the relevance the measure of personality and theory has to sport using the key study of Kroll & Crenshaw ~ small group discussion to support own interpretation
Identified at least 5 evaluation points of the key study
Considered the application of personality to the area of sport drawing on all 3 studies
Some learners have:
Lead a discussion in small groupsContributed small groups ideas to class discussion Identified more than 5 evaluation points