People with personality disorders have formed peculiar and unpleasant personality patterns For example some are very secretive some very selfcentered and selfish some suspicious all the time ID: 909836
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Slide1
Personality Disorders
Slide2Personality disorders
People with personality disorders have
formed peculiar and unpleasant personality patterns.
For example, some are very secretive, some very self-centered and selfish, some suspicious all the time.
Hence
, the term
personality disorder
is used because their personalities are “off center
.”
Overview of all the types
http://ptypes.com/overviews.html
Slide3It is pretty Common
Antisocial personality disorder
and Borderline
personality disorder
most researched
About 6 to 9% of the population will have one or more personality disorders during their life.
Slide4Three Clusters
The main10
disorders
are grouped
into three
clustersCluster A: Odd and Eccentric Disorders (paranoid, schizoid, schizotypal)
Cluster B: Dramatic, Emotional, or Erratic Disorders (antisocial, borderline, histrionic, narcissistic)Cluster C
: Anxious
and Fearful Disorders (
avoidant, dependent
, obsessive-compulsive).
Slide5Cluster A: Odd &
Eccentric
Paranoid Personality
Disorder
Suspicious
of other people’s motives, see everything others do as a personal attack
.Patients are overly vigilant, misread the actions of others as threatening or critical, and expect others to exploit themTypically have no sense of humour and eccentric,
seen as
hostile, jealous, and preoccupied
with power
and
control
H
ave
difficulty in relationships
Socially
isolated -
feelings of persecution
M
ay
be a sub-type of schizophrenia
Slide6Schizoid Personality Disorder
A
void
intimate
relationships and
they display little emotional responsivenessLoners, cold and indifferent towards othersLack social skills and don’t seem to want
to learn how to be socialCluster A: Odd & Eccentric
Slide7Schizotypal Personality Disorder
Eccentric
thought and
behaviour
.
Believe in paranormal phenomenon such as telepathy and clairvoyanceCreate odd, idiosyncratic combinations of beliefs or interpret
commonplace occurrences in bizarre waysSpeech, perceptual experiences, beliefs, and behaviours are oddNot sufficiently eccentric to meet the criteria
for delusional or
hallucinatory psychotic
experiences
Cluster A: Odd &
Eccentric
Slide8Cluster B: Dramatic, Emotional, Erratic
Antisocial Personality Disorder
M
en
diagnosed as having
antisocial personality disorder appear charming and persuasiveCovers
up a self-centred, and, in many cases, criminal lifestyle.Causes serious problems for societyOriginally, people with an antisocial personality were called psychopathsThe label was given to those who committed ax murders. A lack of conscience
is central to this disorder.
Slide9ASP disorder: continued
These
people repeatedly come into conflict with the law and show little or no concern, guilt, or anxiety.
Treatment
Nothing works (not
drug or psychotherapy)
They are very smooth and agreeable on the outside and will go along with almost any treatment that is suggestedThey will cooperate, tell you they are getting better, thank
you
, and seem to be well.
But
as soon as they are released
,
they go right back to whatever
their favorite crime happened to be.
Slide10ASP disorder: continued
For many, there is a family history of neglect and rough treatment. The parents are often alcoholic and abusive, but there must be millions of people over the years who have had such a background and didn’t act this way.
Sociopaths don’t even abide by the
rules
usually followed by criminals.
Most
criminals have at least some standards. Measure of body chemistry and studies of genetic patterns have yielded nothing of any
real
significance toward the origin of
the sociopath’s
behavior.
Slide11ASP disorder: continued
DSM-IV-TR criteria for diagnosis :
nonconformity,
callousness, deceitfulness
,
irresponsibility, impulsivity, aggressiveness, and recklessnessThis area of the brain is thought to be responsible for behavior including appropriate social behavior,
judgement, and impulse control. Antisocial personality disorder is thought to develop from
chemical
imbalances in
specific
areas of the brain.
Slide12Cluster B: Dramatic, Emotional, Erratic
Psychopathy
distinct
group (15-25% of
federal inmates
).Egocentric, deceptive, callous, manipulative, no remorseS
trong link to aggression, & often heinous, cold-blooded violence.Brain abnormalities have been found in the prefrontal cortex, hippocampus, angular gyrus, basal ganglia, and amygdala
Family factors, such as abuse
and neglect
, have also been suggested.
Slide13Cluster B: Dramatic, Emotional, Erratic
Borderline
Fluctuations
in mood, unstable sense
of their
identity, and instability in their relationshipsUnpredictable and impulsive, have irritability and argumentative
style2% of the population, more common in women The diagnosis has only been around since 1980.
Slide14Borderline Personality
Disorder
Intense
and unstable relationships with other people are a major characteristic.
Very
dependent people, but they cannot admit this to themselves. So, they constantly test other people’s concern and often sabotage their own relationships.
They appear to be “clingy” and emotionally needy. However, as soon as the slightest thing fails to go their way, they become extremely angry with the other person, often insulting and belittling them.
Slide15Borderline
In addition, they frequently use self-destructive behavior to manipulate others. Thus, they may make suicide threats and attempts, or deliberately cut themselves, or purposely have accidents.
It is as if they are so afraid of being abandoned that they are almost daring other people to do just that. Their emotions are also unstable, and they have trouble controlling their impulses. In some cases, perceptions and thoughts are quite distorted.
Slide16Borderline
Celebrities who MAY have borderline personality disorder (However, they are not critically diagnosed)
http://www.anythingtostopthepain.com/celebrities-with-borderline-personality-disorder-possibly-not-for-sure/
Slide17Cause of borderline?
C
auses are
not yet clear.
However it
does tend to run in families. Nature or Nurture??Children who grow up with a borderline-personality parent will know very little about how to develop and maintain healthy relationships. Angry outbursts or threats of suicide when things don’t go their way could come from imitating a parent who behaved that way.
In other words, their early home life is so chaotic and emotionally charged that it is almost impossible to separate hereditary and environmental factors.
Slide18Use of psychotherapy
Borderline personalities are difficult to deal with in psychotherapy. Because they are so suspicious and manipulative, they have trouble developing a positive working relationship with a therapist. Consequently, they tend to switch from one therapist to another over and over again, rarely sticking with it long enough to be successful.
Slide19Cluster B: Dramatic, Emotional, Erratic
Histrionic
People
with HPD have a high need for attention, make loud and inappropriate appearances,
exaggerate
their behaviors and emotions, and crave stimulationOften exhibit sexually
provocative behavior, and express strong emotions Manipulative and self-indulgentAffects 4 times more
women than men
Slide20Look at me! look at me!
Slide21Cluster B: Dramatic, Emotional, Erratic
Narcissistic
The person is excessively
preoccupied with issues of personal adequacy
, power,
prestige and vanity. This condition affects 1% of the population
Slide22Cluster C: Anxious & Fearful
Avoidant Personality
Show a pattern
of avoiding
friendships and are very sensitive
to criticism and disapproval Actively avoid intimacy with others, but they desire affection,
so clearly they suffer from loneliness.
Slide23Dependent Personality
They seek
advice, direction from others,
need constant
reassurance, seek
out relationships where they can play the submissive role.Desperately need others to assume responsibility for important aspects of their lives.Relatives of male dependent patients
are more likely to experience depression, whereas the relatives of female dependents are more likely to have panic disorderCluster C: Anxious & Fearful
Slide24Learning disabilities
Slide252
- 15
%
of children
Reading Disorder: dyslexia
, 2 to 8 % of children in the elementary grades have dyslexia
Mathematical Disorder: dyscalculia, 6% of school-aged childrenWritten Expression: dysgraphia, prevalence rates are between 3 and 4
%.
Oddly, learning disabilities are more
frequently in
males than
females ( 2 to 1, to 5 to 1)