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Ancient India Ancient India

Ancient India - PowerPoint Presentation

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Ancient India - PPT Presentation

Geography of India India is part of a subcontinent landmass smaller than a continent amp shaped like an upside down triangle Arabian Sea Indian Ocean amp Bay of Bengal ID: 156538

india amp www indus amp india indus www cards caste empire youtube watch don

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Slide1

Ancient IndiaSlide2
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Slide6
Slide7
Slide8
Slide9
Slide10

Geography of India

India is part of

a

subcontinent

(landmass smaller than a

continent) &

shaped like

an upside down triangle. Slide11

Arabian Sea, Indian Ocean & Bay of Bengal

on 3 sidesCut off from Asia by mountains (Hindu Kush,

Himalayans)

E & W Ghats along coast

in SouthSlide12
Slide13
Slide14

Geography of India Slide15

Deccan Plateau,

rocky, dry center btw Ghats (little moisture, blocked by

mts)Thar

Desert to East(80-100 degrees)

Rainforest along West

coast

Coastal plainsSlide16

Major rivers flow from HK & Him mtns:

Indus River flows thru Pakistan into

Arabian Sea(Indus Valley home to

early civ)Slide17

Indus ValleySlide18

Ganges River

-flows to Bay of Bengal, w/ many branches. (Holy river)

Brahmaputra goes E across India

to GangesPlains area

btw rivers

is fertile!Slide19

http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=xK-RaXNH9V0Slide20
Slide21

MONSOONS

Monsoon

: (seasonal winds from June-Sept. Temp rises, air heats, moist air blows in from ocean, brings heavy rain). Unpredictable!

*Cyclones too!http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=9peDRkO-TLc

http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=bETUbu7pXgsSlide22
Slide23
Slide24
Slide25

Indus Valley Civilizations

Little is known (writing not deciphered)

Dev 2500 BC

Over 100 settlements

(Harappa & Mohenjo-Daro biggest)Slide26

Harappa

1.

Highly organized, planned cities2.Built on mud brick platforms

(avoid floods)3.Oven

dried mud brick wallsSlide27

4.Citadel

(fortified area) has major buildings(temple, granary,royals?)

5. 30 ft wide, straight streets

(e-w & n-S), cross at right

anglesSlide28
Slide29

6. Walls divide residential districts, homes vary in size (houses laid out in block units w/ lanes in btw)Slide30
Slide31

Modern plumbing & sewage (had bathrooms)

Toilets of brick w/ wood seat, pipes connect to each house w/ waste flowing into underground sewage system & into pits outside of city wallsSlide32
Slide33

Harappan Culture

Written language of 400 symbols (found on carved stone stamps & seals) Can not read it. Animals on everything

Religion-maybe theocracy?

Statues of mother goddess, fertility images, maybe shiva, worship bullSlide34

Examine the Seals. What can you infer about harappan

culture

Examine the Seals. What can you infer abt

Harappan culture? Describe 3 thingsSlide35

Had potters wheel, made beautiful jugs, statues etc

Made toys, jewelrySlide36
Slide37
Slide38

The Great Bath of Mohenjo DaroSlide39

http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=TCYx-_WqcKchttps://www.youtube.com/watch?v=dnsatmxY7Kc

https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=nhej8XShSvIhttps://www.youtube.com/watch?v=n7ndRwqJYDM

https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=uI78xoEkm0chttps://www.youtube.com/watch?v=TCYx-_WqcKcSlide40

MOVIE

What influence does the Indus Valley Civilization have on modern cities?

What technological advancement do YOU think is the most impressive? Why?How did geography influence the construction of their cities

?Slide41

What do the highly planed cities on the Indus tell us about their culture?

Explain how you can see at least 3 of the characteristics of civilization in Harappa & Mohenjo-DaroWhat does the attention to plumbing tell you about them?

What does the discovery of toys tell you about their culture?How did the Mesopotamians, Egyptians and Indus use their environment t? Who did better a better job? Why?Slide42

Don’t Write

Grew wheat barley, cotton, (could weave into cloth)

Trade all over region (Persia, Dec Pla, Afghan) using Indus & Arabian Sea to trade w/ Meso, Egypt & maybe Crete)Traded bright cloth, copper lumber for gold,

silver, semiprecious stonesSlide43

Don’t Write!

Disappear slowly

ca 2000 BC. Why?

Tectonic plates

shift, cause floods, earthquakes, change course of Indus, changes in climate, farming dries up?

May have moved

on into IndiaSlide44

1. What does the discovery of toys tell us about the Indus people?2. What does the attention to sewer & plumbing systems suggest

abt IV culture?

3. Fill in the chart below. List 4 elements IV people included in their city plans & what modern cities have. Then compare! 4

. Explain why the Indus people abandoned their cities due to environmental changes?5. Describe 4 ways IV is similar or different to other cultures we have talked about?

Indus Valley

Modern CitySlide45
Slide46

Indo-Aryans

Btw 2000-1500 BC, Indo-Aryans,(from grasslands btw Caspian

& Black

Seas?) conquer

Harappa. Slide47

Had iron weapons & horses

Est

own govt

(individual tribes elect chief & tribal council) Combined to form small kingdoms led by Rajah)

Brought metalworking, horses, bronze weaponsNo writing system

Adopted other cultures Slide48

Vedic Age- 1500

Brought

Vedas, 4 collections of religious beliefs, prayers, spells & ritual instructions (Rig Veda most

important)Not written,

passed along Slide49
Slide50

*

Polytheistic

-many godsEventually grows into Hinduism

(no founder)Brought along

3 CASTES

(expand over

time)Slide51

THE CASTE SYSTEM

Caste:

strict religious & social class/orderYou are BORN into caste & cannot move out of caste in THIS life.

caste is a result of karma

from previous life. Slide52

THE CASTES

UNTOUCHABLES

Outside of caste, street cleaners, butchers, grave diggers, unclean jobs Slide53

Caste System

Strict rules: Can’t marry or associate w/ people outside of caste, determines

job, clothes, manners & even food Slide54

Don’t

writeTHE BELIEFS

People suffer from pain & sorrow b/c they chase false goals (material goods)

Goal is MOKSHA

- free soul from body so soul can join the ATMAN (universal soul)

CANNOT reach

MOKSHA

in 1 life, need

reincarnation.Slide55

CYCLE OF REBIRTH

Reincarnation

is a cycle of REBIRTH

of soul (reborn over & over until overcome your weaknesses) KARMA- belief all good & bad actions, mental or physical, affect people’s fate in next life. Slide56

DHARMA

- duty:

every Hindu has obligations to their CASTE Can improve

your position in next life by

fulfilling duties in this life.

Present life is

result past behaviorSlide57

The Gods/

Godesses

Shiva- the destroyer of ego & universeSlide58

Brahma

- god of creationSlide59

Vishnu

- preserver of universeAll-Pervading essence of all beings, the master of past,

present & future, one who supports, sustains &

governs Universe & originates & develops

all elements within. Slide60

Krishna

-god/child prankster in Mahabharata

Ganesha is the Remover of Obstacles, Lord of Beginnings (patron of arts and sciences,

intellect & wisdom)Slide61
Slide62
Slide63
Slide64
Slide65
Slide66

BUDDHISM

563 BC:

Prince Siddhartha Gautama

born in Nepal.Raised to be king, wealthy, sheltered. Slide67

THE PRINCE

Prince leaves palace & realizes world is full of pain & misery.

Sees poor, sick & elderly & dead Wants to find answer why & how to stop it.

Travels world &

meditates under tree for

49 days.Slide68

THE BUDDHA

Prince found answers.

Became known as the Buddha

, the “Enlightened One” as he traveled the world to teach his beliefs. Slide69

THE FOUR NOBLE TRUTHS

1. Everyone suffers

2

. Cause of suffering is desire

(riches objects

attachments)

3

. Only way to end

suffering

is

crush

desire4. Way to end desire is to follow the Noble 8 Fold PathSlide70
Slide71
Slide72
Slide73

NIRVANA

Goal is to reach NIRVANA- a condition of wanting nothing, a calmness, great insight & happiness

.Slide74
Slide75

Theravada Buddhism

Don’t write

The oldest school of Buddhism, found in s Asia.

The monastic life is the best way

to achieve

nirvana

.

Focus on wisdom and meditation.

Goal is to become a

“Buddha

,” or

“Enlightened One.”

Over 100,000,000 followers today.

Mahayana BuddhismThe “Great Vehicle.”Founded in northern Asia (China, Japan).Buddhism “for the masses.”Seek guidance from Boddhisatvas, wise beings. Goal: Not just individual escape from the wheel, but the salvation of all humanity through self-sacrifice of those enlightened few.Slide76

Don’t Write!!!!Jainism

Founded by Mahavira 599-527 BC

All living things have a soul & should not be harmedTolerance of other religionsOccupations cannot harm others

encourages spiritual development thru cultivation of one's own personal wisdom & reliance on self control thru 5 vows (Mahavareta)Slide77
Slide78

India 1500-1000

Small kingdoms, no unityDifferent religions & beliefs

Magadha:

Indo-Aryan kingdom runs N IndiaSlide79

326 BC: Alexander the Great extends empire over India (huge battle 12,000 Greeks die, but still wins)Slide80
Slide81

Maurya Empire

323 BC: Chandragupta Maurya conquers Maghda kingdom & Macedonian satrapies.

Unites India & sets Pataliputra

as capital*Paranoid!Slide82
Slide83

Fights Selecus (Alex’s, successor), wins. Sel Gives up Afghan & Pakistan. Marries his daughter to unite kingdoms, gets Egyptian, Greek ambassadors on court. Slide84

Chanakya

(advisor) wrote

Arthasastra, guide to running empire Built bureaucratic

govt w/ 4 provinces each headed by princes. Divided into local districts to assess & enforce taxes. Use Spies

Became Jainist

, dumped throne on son. Slide85

Asoka

Grandson of Chan MConqueror, but felt sorrow when 100,000 die attacking Kalinga

. Converts to BuddhismTeachings written on pillars, urged

rel toleration, preach non-violence, monks sent all over AsiaSlide86
Slide87

Don't write!

Built roads, improved conditions

(every 9 miles houses, wells 4 rest)public health care for humans & animals, improvements in agriculture,

est wildlife reserves,

Wanted moral, spiritual, & social renewal. Reformed administrative & judicial systems of India

Slide88

Fell apart on his death as Greeks,Persians,Asians invadeends 184 BC, w/ 500 yrs of turmoil (s.India has 3 kingdoms)

“There is no better work than promoting the welfare of the world. Whatever be my great deeds, I have done them in order to discharge my debt to all beings." Slide89

Golden Age of India

320 AD

Chandra Gupta, local chief, marries princess & rule from Magadha (

Pataliputra) (Empire covers Ganges & Indus)Son

Samudra focused on arts & expands empire

Chandra Gupta II-

strengthened empire thru diplomacy &

marriage alliancesSlide90
Slide91
Slide92

https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=7ISmwH6ShrESlide93

Hinduism growsArt, architecture, sculpture poetry, drama, fables flourish

Rule 320-500 AD. Ends when overrun by HunsSlide94
Slide95
Slide96

Late 400s, Huns (from c Asia) raid

By 600 AD Gupta fallDescendents of

Huns became wealthy warrior

princes called RajputsSlide97

Don’t Write!!!relied heavily on infantry archers, The Hindu version of the longbow was composed of metal, or more typically bamboo, & fired a long bamboo cane arrow with a metal head

Iron shafts were used against armored elephants& fire arrows

used by archersArchers protected by infantry equipped with shields, javelins, & long swords.Had knowledge of siege craft, & catapultsSlide98

600 years of invasions

w/ civil wars as Indian

princes fight 1 anotherSlide99

Muslim invaders

Muslim leaders start to invade around 1000 AD.

Mahmud of Ghazni is SULTAN

(authority), 1st to have that title, invades

India, Slide100
Slide101

*

Invasions directed at temple towns to steal wealth & jewels, destroy, take slaves & break will of Hindus

Some towns were conquered & left in control of Hidu, Buddhist or

Jains as vassal statesSlide102
Slide103

Others invade

Sultan Aibak Kutbuddin

est sultanate or kingdom of Delhi. Next 400 years, 33 sultans rule from Delhi Sultanate

100s killed, cruel to HindusSlide104
Slide105

Mongols/Moguls/

Mughals?

Tamerlane

,Mongol warrior from Asiatic Russia loots, kill 1000s of Hindus & Muslims,

destroys Delhi Sultanate in

1398Slide106

Babur

-born in Uzbekistan -leader at 12, loses power. Conquers north, is a Muslim descendent of Tam & Genghis Khan .

Brilliant general.

(led 12,000 troops against 100,000 sultan & an army of

rajputs

.

Est

Mogul empireSlide107
Slide108

Don’t write!!!

Babur is said to have been extremely strong &physically fit. Would carry 2 men, 1 on each of his shoulders, & then climb slopes on the run, just for exercise.

Legend holds that Babur swam across every major river he encountered, including twice across the Ganges River Lovedto kill people, cut heads of people and create pillars out of cut headsSlide109

Akbar the Great

Grandson of Babur (1556-1605)

1. expanded military power

2.Used heavy artillery, cannons, appt rajputs

as officers (mix cultures, turn enemies into allies)Slide110

a monarch should ever be intent on conquest, otherwise his neighbor rise in arms against him”Slide111
Slide112

3.Muslim, urged religious tolerance

4. Bureaucratic officials were both native & foreign

5.Officials trained for civil service6. Taxed on graduated system

to be fair 7.Acted as judge, heard casesSlide113

*

Persian main lang, but others develop. (Urdu grows out of soldier camps)

*Work carefully w/ Portuguese &

Ottoman empire*Patron of art,

architecture,

translated works Slide114

Shah

Jahan

Shah

Jahan- grandson of Akbar. Killed rivals

Loved architecture

& wife

Mumtaz

Mahal

died in 1631 during childbirth of 14

th

kidSlide115

Spent 22 years, w/ 20,000 laborers building

Taj Mahal as a monument to MumtazCountry suffers from neglect, hi taxes for Taj & luxuries instead of roads, irrigation

1657 4 sons fightSlide116
Slide117

http://www.history.com/videos/seven-wonders-the-taj-mahal#seven-wonders-the-taj-mahal

http://www.history.com/topics/taj-mahal/videos/seven-wonders-the-taj-mahalSlide118
Slide119
Slide120
Slide121
Slide122
Slide123
Slide124

Shah Jahan’s throne was shaped like a bed, standing on tall table legs with 2 or 3 steps leading up to it. Western visitors

to Delhi in the

17th century measured the bed

part to being 1.8 by 1.2 meters

, From its bars rose

12 columns

supporting a canopy

. It was decorated

with 108 rubies,

116 emeralds and

numerous pearls

. Slide125

DON’T WRITE!!!!!!!!!!!!

The Shah’s army during this time?

440,000 infantry, musketeers & artillery

185,000 Sowars commanded by princes and nobles

Marwari horse, colorful,strong

Mughal

Cannons were mass produced

Empire became a huge military machineSlide126
Slide127

Aurangzeb

Aurangzeb

- during civil war, kills brother & arrests dad1658-1707 extends empire, but loses

power. Drained resources, money

*Didn’t keep alliancesSlide128

Intolerant of other religions

Enforce Muslim laws

Tax on non-muslims

No new Hindu temples.

Censors, heavy taxeskilled leader of

Sikhs (who rebel)

Rajputs

rebelSlide129

*Don’t’ Write!!!

His son tried to rebel, driven to PersiaStart to break apart into small kingdoms after his death.Port, Dutch, FR & BR start to come in during empire, eventually take over (moguls done by 1857-1858)Slide130
Slide131

Read through each emperor.

In a chart, List the major accomplishments for each. Now rank them against one another.

Determine as a group who was the best & explain why!

Leader

AccomplishmentRanking

Akbar

Equal taxesSlide132
Slide133
Slide134

Read the

Arthasastra

Create a list of 10 tips your group would offer to Chandragupta or Asoka to help them run the Mauryan

Empire. Write them out on the paper!

Create an illustration for your political guide that fits the advice

Last, look at your tips. Can any of them be applied to modern leaders?Slide135

1. Get a CASTE

slip2. Pull 5 Task Cards

from the bucket3. Read your Task Cards & decide what ones to give away

Brahmins may give away 4 cards Ksjhatriyas may give away 3 cards

Vaishyas may give away 2 cards

Sudras

may give away 1 card

Chandalas

may

NOT

give away any cards

4. Give the cards you’re getting rid of to anyone in a lower caste. No person may end up with more than 10 task cards (but you may have to do some tasks more than once)5. Once you have traded cards, have a seatSlide136

1. Look at your

Task Cards2. Begin your tasks when Fischer says to.

Station Directions are posted at each task

3. If you finish all the tasks on your Task Cards, you can learn Sanskrit by completing the

Learning Sanskrit activity

4. Once you finish learning Sanskrit, show Fischer the decoded message to get a

Voting Ballot

5. Once you have voted, you can collect a certificate and create Slide137

Do you think there are castes or social levels in todays

scoiety? If so, what do you think spereated these levels?What made it hard to

hcange the caseet in Ancient India? What makes it hard to changes cases or social levels today