AND SLAVERY COLONIAL RACIAL THEORY During the 18 th and 19 th century imperialist empirebuilding nations looking for colonies believed in a racial hierarchy This hierarchy determined how they treated people living in countries they made into their colonies ID: 325648
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Slide1
RACIAL HIERARCHY
AND SLAVERYSlide2
COLONIAL RACIAL THEORY
During the 18
th
and 19
th
century imperialist (empire-building) nations looking for colonies believed in a racial hierarchy.
This hierarchy determined how they treated people living in countries they made into their colonies.Slide3
HIERARCHY OF THE RACES
EUROPEAN (British, Celts, Irish, Germanic people, Italians, French,
Portugese
…)
ASIAN (Chinese, Japanese, Korean, Mongol, Vietnamese…)
‘BROWN NATIONS’ (Maori, Indians, Arabs, Turkish, Native Americans)
NEGROID (African, Aboriginal, Papua New Guinean…)Slide4Slide5
THE WHITE MAN
Joseph Chamberlain, Secretary of State for the colonies declared, “I believe in this race, this greatest governing race, so proud, self-confident and determined, this race, which neither climate nor change can degenerate, which will infallibly be the predominant force of future history and universal
civilisation
.:Slide6
RACISM AND THE OTHER
Racial theory was used to do two things:
Taking land from and destroying indigenous peoples.
Enslaving Africans to work the land.Slide7
The modern theorist who perhaps captures best the complex essence of slavery is
Maulana
Karanga
. He postulates that American slavery was predicated
on three major factors: its profitability, its practicality and its justifiability;
without slavery, America could not have evolved and sustained itself as a free independent player in the growing global capitalist system of trade and politics. The profitability of 220 years of free labor is self-evident. African enslavement was clearly more practical than that originally attempted with white indentured servants and indigenous natives. Thus, the massive importation of Africans became the next best option.
The first two factors could only be achieved and sustained if in fact an ideology could be developed to justify slavery.Slide8
Racism as an ideology became a justification and encouragement for enslavement.
It expressed itself in religious' absurdities, biological absurdities and cultural absurdities.
Thus, religiously it was argued God ordained whites to conquer, then civilize and Christianize the African "heathen." The biological absurdities included redefinition of Africans out of the human race, denying their history and humanity and giving them animal characteristics to suit their bestial treatment. Slide9
DARWIN 2 crucial theoriesSlide10Slide11Slide12
Social Darwinism
This was a so-called ‘science’ where theorists applied Darwin’s theories to people and to societies.
Natural selection was twisted to become ‘survival of the fittest.’
The strongest would survive over the weaker or inferior.Slide13
Lincoln 1862
My paramount object in this struggle is to save the Union, and not either to save or to destroy slavery. If I could save the Union without freeing any slave, I would do it; and if I could save it by freeing all the slaves, I would do it; and if I could do it by freeing some and leave others alone, I would also do it."