18001812 AMH2010 Chapter 11 Themes Revolution of 1800 Jeffersons Presidency Troubles with France and Britain Run up to the War of 1812 Revolution 1800 Adams looses popularity Federalist decline No war with France ID: 511904
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Slide1
The Triumphs and Travails of the Jeffersonian Republic1800-1812
AMH2010
Chapter 11Slide2
Themes
Revolution of 1800
Jefferson’s Presidency
Troubles with France and Britain
Run up to the War of 1812Slide3
Revolution 1800
Adams looses popularity, Federalist decline (No war with France).
Alien and Sedition Acts aroused a host of enemies.
Federalist Party openly splits with Adams.
Federalist attack Jefferson personally
- Mulatto children, robbing trust fund, atheist.
Close election
Jefferson and running mate Aaron Burr had the same number of electoral votes, decided by the House.Slide4
Jefferson’s Presidency
Inaugurated on March 4
th
1801– walked to the capital.
- “We are all Republicans, we are all Federalist.”
Man of the people
- dressed informally
- informal manners
- pell-mell seating at official dinners
Jefferson as universal genius
- wrote about everything
-designed Monticello and the University of VirginiaSlide5Slide6
Jefferson as a Moderate
Jefferson entered office set on undoing some of Federalist policies, however, he proved to be a moderate.
He only removed a couple Federalist policies and kept many public servants who were appointed by the Federalist.
Denied patronage to supporters.
Cut excise tax– US lost 4 million dollars in revenue.
Left the Hamiltonian system in place financially.
Demonstrated moderate change.Slide7
John Marshall and the Supreme Court
Chief Justice of the Supreme Court John Marshall appointed by Federalist, 1801.
Handed down Federalist decisions long after the party was gone.
Republican Congress wanted to oust him.
1801– Judiciary Act, outgoing Federalist appointed 16 judges just before the end of John Adam’s term.
DC magistrates not served in time, Jefferson squashed them.
William Marbury, a justice of the peace for DC, sued James Madison for shelving his commission. Slide8Slide9
Marbury Versus Madison
William Marbury sued Secretary of State Madison to get his appointment.
Marshall in a trap
- Choice: hurt the Federalist or Federal Government?
Marshall dismisses the case on a technicality
Declared the suit unconstitutional.
Established the process of judicial review, Supreme Court decides.Slide10
Contradicted Jefferson’s 1798 Virginia and Kentucky Resolutions
That states interpreted Constitution
Reps. Attacked Justice Chase for revenge
-Reps named their dogs after him
Failure to impeach him protected sanctity of the court.Slide11
Barbary Pirates
Jefferson downsized the military to an army of 2.5 thousand and focused on gun boats.
Large standing armies were suspicious, navies were not.
Attacks by Barbary pirates led to tribute
- US is unprepared
Tripoli declared war, felt slighted about tribute money.
- US responded, built up Navy.
- 1805– Tripoli captured, peace treaty and $60k ransom for prisoners.Slide12Slide13
Louisiana Purchase
1800– France forced Spain to sign over the Louisiana Territory, effective 1803.
Grand Plan for Haiti and Louisiana
- Haitian sugar funds Napoleons wars
- Slave rebellion
Disaster in Haiti ended the plan
- rebellion is broken
- French troops lose to malaria and mosquitoes. Slide14Slide15
1803( in Paris)
Jefferson authorized $10 million dollars to buy New Orleans and areas east (West Florida).
Napoleon was about to resume war with Europe
- offered New Orleans and all of Louisiana for 15 million
- US negotiators jumped on the deal
- doubled size of the country
- sent Lewis and Clark to check it out
Jefferson was unsure of the constitutionality of the treaties that had been signed.
The senate passed them without issue.Slide16
Anglo-French War
On again, off again since 1793
- use blockades against neutrals.
- US claimed right to trade with both sides.
1806– British blockade France, followed by French blockade of Britain
- Both sides seized US merchant ships
- impressed American sailors.Slide17
Embargo 1807
Forbade export of US goods Vs. getting America involved in a war
.
-Economy suffered, led to smuggling.
- New England and merchants protested.
Finally repealed March 3, 1809, 3 days before he left office.
Non-intercourse Act– reopened trade with the rest of the world except France and Britain
.Slide18
Napoleon and Madison
1809– Only Britain and France embargoed.
1810– Macon’s Bill No. 2
- US would resume trade with Britain or France if they
change policies.
France Agreed, Britain did not
- Us removed restrictions on France, but not Britain.
Madison’s political gamble failed and American neutrality went away.
Slide19
Party Voting
Western congressmen who demanded action against the British. (war hawks)
-Led by Henry Clay of Kentucky
- Federalist don’t want war (New England)
Concern about British support for Indians
- Tecumseh and Creek War. Slide20Slide21
Mr
. Madison’s War
By 1812, Madison knew war was likely with Britain
- arming hostile
I
ndians
- “On to Canada!”
- Florida?
War Hawks
June 1, 1812- Madison asks congress to declare war. One of only five times this has happened.
The Congressional vote showed a deep divide in
the nation.