PPT-2.6 Structure of DNA and RNA

Essential idea The structure of DNA allows efficient storage of genetic information There is 2m of DNA in each human cell however the most cells in the human body have a diameter of 10 μm This DNA is divided in chromosomes and coiled around proteins called histones so that it can be efficiently stored in each cells nucleus The human genome project which has decoded the case sequence for the whole 2m of the human genome requires a data warehouse pictured to store the information electronically This should give a good idea of just how efficient DNA is at storing information and why it needs to be so. 14.1 Structure of ribonucleic acid. Learning Objectives. Compare and contrast the structure of DNA and RNA molecules. Describe the role of messenger RNA (mRNA) and transfer RNA (tRNA). Explain how the genetic code influences protein synthesis. When DNA codes for RNA, the process is called . TRANSCRIPTION. . When RNA codes for proteins, the process is called . TRANSLATION. .. There are 3 types of . rna. , however only mRNA is involved in transcription. Chapters 16 and 17. Before the end of the semester we will be covering…. Historical DNA experiments. Structure of DNA/RNA. DNA Replication. Protein Synthesis (Transcription and Translation). Mutations. Why Should We Learn About DNA?. To understand how genes are inherited and expressed.. To understand the evolution of the Earth’s diversity and protect it.. To understand the relationships between species.. DNA from a few Angles. Cell: . Every cell contains a nucleus which is filled with the directions for cell function, DNA. . Chromosome. : . When DNA is tightly coiled and wound it becomes visible in the form of . Stryer. Short course. Chapter 33. Nucleic Acid Structure. Nucleobase. Nucleoside. Nucleotide. Nucleic acid. Chromatin. Chromosome. Polymeric Structure. Polymer ideal for informational molecule. Ribose and deoxyribose. http://faculty.uca.edu/~johnc/mbi1440.htm. http://www.wappingersschools.org/RCK/staff/teacherhp/johnson/visualvocab/mRNA.gif. GENETIC MATERIAL . In the middle of the 1900’s scientists were asking questions about genes.. Where do we find DNA?. How do crime scene investigators use DNA to solve crimes? . NUCLEIC ACIDS. Flow of biological information: . DNA . RNA. protein . trait. DNA . deoxyribonucleic acid. What do all of these organisms have in common?. . They all share a universal genetic code.. DNA and RNA are Nucleic Acids. What is a nucleic acid?. Nucleic acids are one of the major organic biomolecules.. CHM . 341. Suroviec. . Fall . 2016. I. . Nucleotides, Nucleic Acids and Bases. Bases. Planar, aromatic, heterocyclic. Purine (2 rings). Pyrimidine (1 ring) . Adenine (A). Guanine (G). Thyamine (T). Chapter 12 DNA & RNA I.DNA A. Griffith & Transformation Frederick Griffith was trying to figure out how bacteria made people sick-how they cause a certain type of pneumonia. He isolated 2 strains(types) from mice-both cultured well,but only one caused pneumonia.The culture of the disease causing bacteria were __________________colonies while the other was rough Chapters 16 and 17. Before the end of the semester we will be covering…. Historical DNA experiments. Structure of DNA/RNA. DNA Replication. Protein Synthesis (Transcription and Translation). Mutations. .. The length of the transcription bubble is about 12 to 14 . bp. , but the length of the RNA–DNA hybrid within the bubble is only 8 to 9 . bp. . As the enzyme moves along the template, the DNA duplex reforms. 1. The Gutell . Lab @ The . University of Texas at . Austin. Major Topics. Importance of RNA in the Cell. Major Changes in Paradigms. . Grand Challenges in Biology. Identification and Characterization of RNA Structure.