Exploring Electricity and Magnetism Presented by SRP - PowerPoint Presentation

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Exploring Electricity and Magnetism Presented by SRP

Kevin Rolfe- Education Representative, Community Outreach

Claudine Truxal- Environmental Education Exchange

Robin Inskeep- STEM Coach,

Tolleson

Scott Greenhalgh- Science Chair,

Eduprize

GilbertSlide2

Agenda Introductions and logistics

Basics of MagnetismElectromagnetsBasics of ElectricitySimple, Series, and Parallel CircuitsElectricity GenerationWrap up and ResourcesSlide3

What’s in my bag?Full Electricity and Magnetism Kit

Assembled by SRP VolunteersFishing Pole MagnetsBar MagnetsSimple, Series, and Parallel CircuitsBatteries and HoldersSlide4

Basics of MagnetismSlide5

1st Magnetism Activity

“Magnetic Characteristics”Procedures:Have students list small objects from the classroom or their desks and the material each is made from

Students predict whether or not they think that object will be attracted to a magnet

Test their predictions with a magnetSlide6

What is Magnetism?

Any material that attracts ferromagnetic materials including iron, steel, cobalt and nickelCan be permanent or temporarySlide7

Magnetism Basics

S

N

Magnets can be made in a variety of shapes, but all magnets have 2 poles

Opposite poles attract

Like poles repel

All magnets have

lines of force

extending from one pole to the other in the 3 dimensional space around them

Only Certain Types of Materials Exhibit

MagnetismSlide8

Magnetic Lines of Flux

N magnet S

Magnetic Field

Magnetic lines do not cross

each other.

The lines go from North

to South on the magnet.Slide9

Magnets Attracting Each Other

Pulling

N S

N SSlide10

Magnets Opposing Each Other

N S

N S

Pushing ApartSlide11

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2

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Magnetism Activity

Magnetic Lines of Flux

N magnet SSlide12

The Earth is a MagnetSlide13

What are the characteristics?

North and south poles“di”-polesBreak the magnet in half and you will have two separate magnets

3 dimensional field of attraction

Transfer magnetic propertiesSlide14

Magnetic DomainsSlide15

Where do magnets come from?

Nature

Man-made materials from:

Ceramic

Alnico (aluminum, nickel, & cobalt)

Flexible rubber-like material

Created using current (electricity)Slide16

3Rd Magnetism Activity

Make an electromagnet with:WireIron bolt or nailBattery 1.5volts

CompassSlide17

Uses for Magnets in Everyday Life

Homes

Door bells

Microwaves

TV’s

Speakers

Hard Drive

Electricity

Schools

Whiteboard MagnetsSlide18

4th Magnetic Activity

Paperclip Pick-upProcedures:Students made predictions about how many paperclips they can pick up using the fishing pole magnet (1 only, 2, 3 etc.)

Using the fishing pole magnets, students test their predictions (no stacking allowed!)

Students will see that surface area affects the amount of paper clips the magnet can pick up (it’s not simply additive!)Slide19

Magnetism

QUIZ TIME!Slide20

Magnetism Activities

“Magnetic Characteristics”“Lines of Flux”“Electromagnet”“Paper Clip Pick Up”Summarize findings & Review class worksheetsSlide21

Basics of ElectricitySlide22

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Safety NoteAlways be careful around electricity.

Make sure an adult is present during experiments and demonstrations using electricity.

Use only low voltage for demonstrations (6 volts dc or less)

Take care to prevent shorts on batteries

Never allow the positive and negative terminals to touch the same metal object (short)

Use plastic covers on batteries when not in use

Never use electricity from a wall outlet in any of these classroom demonstration. Use the batteries and genecons provided.Slide23

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Electricity Basics

Electricity is…..

The flow of electrons

The energy supplied by batteries and generators (current electricity)

The shock you can get from rubbing your feet on the carpet (static electricity)

A bolt of lightning! (static electricity)Slide24

All Matter is Made up of Atoms

MATTER

(Diamond, coal)

ELEMENT

(Carbon,

Oxygen

)

ATOM

(particles)Slide25

Atoms

What is an Atom?

The smallest component in all things

Made up of three smaller particles

Protons (+)

Neutrons (no charge)

Electrons (-)

Strive for stability

Charged atom = ionSlide26

Opposites Attract

Particles with opposite charges attract each other.

Attraction

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_Slide27

Charged Atom (Ion)

Stable atoms have equal protons and electron

Stable atoms have no charge

Free electrons will seek positively charged ions to create

stability

Stable Atom

+++

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Positive Ion

+++

--

Negative Ion

++

---Slide28

1st Electricity

ActivitY“Opposites Attract”Slide29

Static Electricity

The imbalance of positive and negative chargesExample: a build up of negative charges in a storm cloud will travel to the ground in the form of lightningSlide30

Static Electricity

Start with a doorknob – no charge

Walk along carpet: strip electrons from carpet that collect in your body… You become negatively charged

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Approach the doorknob and the positive charges move toward you. Negative charges move away.

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Static Electricity

When close enough, the electrons will jump toward the positive doorknob and ZAP! You’ve been shocked by static electricity.

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Static Electricity

When close enough, the electrons will jump toward the positive doorknob and ZAP! You’ve been shocked by static electricity.

Now you and the doorknob have the same charge.

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2

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Electricity Activity

“

Fun with

Styrofoam and Tape

”Slide34

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Electricity & Ben Franklin

Benjamin Franklin (1706-1790)

1740

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s – Proposed the notion of positive and negative charges that maintain a balance except when influenced by some means.

1752 – Famous kite experiments identify lightning as a form of electrical discharge. Led to his invention of the lightning rod.Slide35

Current Electricity

Electric current is the movement of free electrons from atom to atomTo start the free electrons moving an electromotive force is needed. Generator BatteriesSlide36

3rd Electricity Activity

Demonstration of Electromotive Force“Flow of Electrons”Slide37

Simulating Electric CurrentSlide38

More Fun with circuitsSlide39

Electricity Activities

“Flow of Electrons”“Fun with Styrofoam”

Demonstration of Electromotive Force

Summarize Results & Review Class Worksheets Slide40

BreakSlide41

Electric CircuitsSlide42

What is a circuit?

A circuit is a conductor path for electric current to travel through.Current will flow only if the path is a complete loop from negative to positiveSlide43

1st Circuits Activity

Conductor vs. Insulator ExperimentSlide44

Conductors

Materials that pass electricity easilyExamples:CopperSilver

Gold

Aluminum

All other metalsSlide45

Insulators

Materials that resist electricity flowExamples:

Wood

Rubber

Porcelain

Glass

Air

Cloth

PaperSlide46

2nd Circuit Activity

Make a Simple CircuitProcedure:Give students materials to make a circuit and allow them to explore connecting them in different ways to make the light bulb lightAllow students to find all the ways they can make the light bulb light

Discuss what are the necessary components of a circuit.Slide47

What makes a simple circuit?

A simple circuit consists of:A source - battery or generator

Conductors (path for current to flow)

An electric resistor or electric load - light bulb or an electromagnetSlide48

Open and Closed Circuits

Open CircuitClosed Circuit

A break in the pathway

Electricity cannot flow

A complete pathway

Electricity is able to flowSlide49

Voltage and CurrentSlide50

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Voltage & Current

Voltage

Electric potential difference between two points

Pushes electrons

Measured in Volts

Supplied by batteries,

generators (electric outlets), fuel cells, etc.

Current

Flow of electrons

Measured in Amps

1 amp = 6,240,000,000,000,000 electrons moving past a point every second (Coulomb)Slide51

Voltage is like Pressure

WaterHigher pressure pushes water to flow fasterYou can have pressure without flow

Electricity

Higher voltage pushes electrons to move faster (higher current)

You can have voltage without current

Pressure

PressureSlide52

Current is like water flow

WaterFlow of waterThe pressure determines how fast the water moves through the pipe

There is no water flow without pressure

Electricity

Flow of electrons

The voltage determines how fast the electrons move through the wire

There is no current without voltage

Flow

FlowSlide53

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Electricity & Thomas Edison

Thomas Edison (1847-1931)

1870

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s – invented the first commercially practical incandescent light with a carbon filament.

1880 – Edison founded the Edison Electric Illuminating Company the first electric utility in New York City.Slide54

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Circuits:

Series and ParallelSlide55

Series Circuit

In Thomas Edison’s day, most lights were connected in series (one after another)Christmas tree lights are sometimes connected in seriesWhat happens if we add another light bulb?Slide56

Series Circuit – Adding bulbs

Do the bulbs get brighter or dimmer?Why would they change?What if we add a million light bulbs?Slide57

3rd Circuits Activity

Series circuit demonstrationSlide58

Parallel Circuit

By making a loop for each bulb we can make a parallel circuitWhat are the benefits? What happens if we add another bulb?Slide59

Parallel Circuit – Adding bulbs

Will the brightness of the bulbs change?Why or why not? What if we add a million bulbs?Slide60

4TH Circuits Activity

Parallel circuit demonstrationSlide61

How Do You Get Electricity?Slide62

Moving Electrons

Connect the hand crank generator to the light bed.Turn the generator and see if you can light all the lights.What happened? Discuss at your table. What if you connected a battery to the light bed?What kind of circuits can you arrange on the light bed?Slide63

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63Questions to Ponder

What would life be like without electricity?

Are the electrical outlets in your house installed in series or parallel?

Can you think of an example of a series circuit in real life?Slide64

Electric Circuit Activities

Battery demonstrationConductor vs. Insulator demonstrationSeries circuit demonstrationParallel circuit demonstrationSlide65

Review:Basics of Magnetism

Exploring MagnetsMagnetic CharacteristicsFerromagnetic materialsLines of Force/Flux – The Magnetic FieldElectromagnets Magnets in Everyday LifeSlide66

Review:Basics of Electricity:

SafetyFlow of ElectronsOpposite charges attractStatic ElectricityCurrent ElectricitySlide67

Review:Electric Circuits:

Simple CircuitsOpen and Closed CircuitsConductors and InsulatorsSeries CircuitsParallel CircuitsVoltage and CurrentSlide68

References

www.srpnet.com/educationwww.ieee.org

http://teacher.scholastic.com/dirt/circuits/whatcirc.htm

www.en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Magnets

www.creativekidsathome.com/science/magnetexp.html

www.howstuffworks.com

www.eia.doe.gov/kids/glossary

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Free workshops and MaterialsSlide70

EvaluationsPlease take a moment to fill out the evaluation in the back of your folder

Don’t forget your certificate in the back of the roomTHANK YOU!!Slide71

Questions?

Kevin RolfeSRP Community Outreach

Education Representative

(602) 236-2798

Kevin.Rolfe@srpnet.com