P2P Networks and File sharing By Ryan Farrell What is a PeerToPeer P2P Network A peertopeer network is connection between participants in a network It is a much faster way of distributing data rather than searching for a server that contains the file ID: 511411
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Slide1
Peer to Peer (P2P) Networks and File sharing.
By: Ryan FarrellSlide2
What is a Peer-To-Peer (P2P) Network?
A peer-to-peer network is connection between participants in a network
It is a much faster way of distributing data, rather than searching for a server that contains the file.Slide3
Client- Server Model
A client-server P2P contains a central server that all clients download
from
The server holds all of the data that each computer, or node, can accessSlide4
P2P Networks
A
pure P2P network contains computers that act as both
clients
and
servers
A client is the computer receiving the file
A server is the computer distributing the fileAlong with the absence of a central server, there is also an absence of a central routerSlide5
The Main Use of P2P Networks
To share data from one computer to another, including:
Documents
Programs
Music
Movies
GamesSlide6
P2P Networks
Peer-to-peer networks can also be classified in terms of what they can be used for
.
file
sharing
Telephony
media streaming (audio,
video)
discussion forumsSlide7
Example of P2P Applications
Lime Wire
Worlds fastest P2P file-sharing applications for all types of computer files.Slide8
File Sharing
File sharing is the providing and receiving of digital files, where the files are stored on and served by personal computers of the
users
Most people who use file sharing applications on the Internet both provide, or upload, files, and receive, or download,
them
Peer-to-peer file sharing is different from file trading, and those who download files from a peer-to-peer network do not require
uploading
Although
some networks provide incentives for uploadingSlide9
USENET
The first global file sharing network was
USENET
USENET required a user to request that other users post the files that they want, and other users save them if they want those
files
USENET lost its popularity when the first generation of peer-to-peer file sharing networks
evolvedSlide10
First Generation P2P File Sharing
The first generation of peer-to-peer file sharing networks was the server-client
system
These contained a centralized server
system, and traffic
is controlled by users who need the
files
within the
systemSlide11
First Generation P2P File Sharing
Directories are stored within the server, where the users can find the data they are looking
for
Directories are updated when a user logs into the
account
In the centralized peer-to-peer model, a user would search the centralized server to ask for the specific file they were searching
for
The server then sends back a list of peers that have the data and aids in the connection and download of the fileSlide12
Examples of First Generation P2P File Sharing Applications
Some examples of some of the first programs that followed the server-client system include Napster and
eDonkee
2000
Today, one of the leading programs following this system is
LimeWire
.Slide13
Second Generation P2P File Sharing
After the legal troubles and lawsuits of Napster, Justin Frankel created a central index server called
Gnutella
This started the second generation of peer-to-peer file sharing, which was decentralizationSlide14
Second Generation P2P File Sharing
In the Gnutella model, all nodes on the network were
equal
This model quickly died, because of the bottlenecking of files as the network
grew
This problem was quickly solved with the creation of
FastTrack
, which
was created so that some nodes would be more equal than othersBy selecting higher-capacity nodes to be indexing nodes, with lower capacity nodes branching off from them,
FastTrack
allowed for a network that could scale to a much larger
sizeSlide15
Examples of Second Generation P2P file sharing applications
Some examples of second generation peer-to-peer file sharing
applications
include Gnutella and
KazaaSlide16
Third Generation P2P File Sharing
The third generation of peer-to-peer file sharing networks are indirect and
encrypted
These networks contain anonymity features built in to help mask the
user
A degree of anonymity is incorporated by hiding their identities in the traffic of other
users
By having users names kept anonymous, and encrypting the data, there is a decrease in the opportunity to track users and making them vulnerable to viruses and traffic sniffingSlide17
Examples of Third Generation P2P File Sharing Networks
Some examples of anonymous networks are
ANts
P2P
,
RShare
,
Freenet, I2P, GNUnet and EntropySlide18
Fourth Generation P2P File Sharing Network
The fourth generation of peer-to-peer file sharing networks is streams over
P2P
Unlike traditional file sharing, there are services that send streams, instead of files, over a peer to peer
network
These programs use swarming technology known from
BitTorrentSlide19
What is a Torrent?
Torrents are a way of downloading and sharing files on a Peer-To-Peer networkSlide20
What is a Torrent?
Torrents contain metadata about the files to be shared and the tracker.
A tracker is the computer that coordinates the file distributed
The tracker guides the peer to the location of the file using a
BitTorrentSlide21
What is a Bit Torrent?
A
BitTorrent
is any program that implements the
BitTorrent
protocol.Each client is capable of preparing, requesting, and transmitting any type of computer file over a network, using the protocol.
A peer is any computer running an instance of a clientSlide22
In Other Words
A Client is the computer that makes the original torrent, and contains the original file. The original torrent is also known as the seed.
A Peer is the computer accessing the file, this is also known as a
leacher
.Slide23
Example of a BitTorrent Applications
Bitlord
Bitlord
is not only a
BitTorrent
, but it also has a search engine for torrents along with itSlide24
How They Work
BitTorrent
makes numerous P2P requests over different TCP sockets, while web-browsers typically make a single HTTP GET request over a single TCP socket
BitTorrent
downloads in a random or “rarest first” approach that ensures high availability, while HTTP downloads from a single server.Slide25
How They Work
In this animation, the different colors represent individual pieces of the file. After the initial pieces of the file transfer from the seed, the pieces are individually transferred from client to client. The original seeder only needs to send out one copy of the file for all the clients to receive a copy.Slide26
Creating a Torrent
Creating a torrent is very simple. The only thing you have to do is select the files you want to share and use your
BitTorrent
to create a torrent.
To share the files, you can upload your torrent to many different torrent hosting websites.Slide27
Different Torrent Websites
www.demonoid.com
www.warezquality.com
www.mininova.com
www.thepiratebay.com
www.torrentz.comSlide28
Legal Issues
Some claim that because
BitTorrent
trackers only store and track the metafiles and usually do not share any potentially copyrighted data, that they are legal.
Despite this claim, there has been tremendous legal pressure on
BitTorrentsSlide29
Legal Issues
BitTorrent
trackers, as well as other P2P file sharing networks, have been subjected to raids and shutdowns due to claims of copyright infringement.
These are usually on behalf of the MPAA and RIAASlide30
Websites Shut Down
www.suprnova.org
www.EliteTorrents.org
www.torrentspy.comSlide31
Legal Issues
It is illegal to share copyrighted material, and if you are going to do so, do so at your own riskSlide32
Torrents and How They Are Used
The End