PPT-Temperature, Heat, and Expansion

Temperature Most materials expand when heated Liquid thermometers based on mercury or alcohol expansion are common Temperature is related to the random motion of atoms and molecules in a substance . Scales of Measurement. Celsius scale – based on where water freezes (0. . C) and where water boils (100. . C). Kelvin scale – based on the movement of particles. . Absolute Zero. At 0 K, all particle movement has ceased. On the front counter there is a perpetually thirsty bird. Do NOT touch him.. Write down all your . observations. of the motion. Do not try to explain why it’s happening—just look at WHAT is happening. . Introduction to Heat. Heat is a form of energy.. A large amount of energy ends up as heat.. Example: in a car some of the chemical energy stored in petrol is turned into heat energy. . Heat can have a significant effect on solids, liquids and gases (such as expansion).. © 2015 Pearson Education, Inc.. This lecture will help you understand:. Temperature. Heat. Specific Heat Capacity. Thermal Expansion. © 2015 Pearson Education, Inc.. Temperature. Temperature. A number that corresponds to the warmth or coldness of an object. Ectotherms. Rely mainly on external energy sources.. Endotherms. - Rely heavily on metabolic energy. Homeotherms. . maintain a relatively constant internal environment.. Poikilotherms. (= . heterotherms. How do we measure Temperature?. Thermal expansion . – The fluid in a thermometer’s bulb heats up and expands, increasing the volume until it flows up the tube of the thermometer.. Color change. – Some materials change color based on their temperature. Examples are forehead thermometers and mood rings.. Heat. The transfer of thermal energy . Not a measure of energy but rather of energy transferred. . Measured in terms of joules or calories (cal). . Calories relate heat to changes in temperature. . Calorie is defined as the amount of heat needed to raise the temperature of one gram of water by one degree Celsius. . Chapter. 18. Copyright © 2014 John Wiley & Sons, Inc. All rights reserved.. 18-. 1. . Temperature. 18.01 . Identify the lowest temperature as 0 on the Kelvin scale (absolute zero).. 18.02 . Explain the . HEAT? TEMPERATURE?. How to measure temperature?. How to quantify temperature and heat?. How do heat transfer?. HEAT & TEMPERATURE. Temperature. is a quantitative measurement of . hotness/coldness. Absorption of Heat (18-4). Someone left an article of clothing at the last exam, please see me if it is yours.. Most materials expand as the temperature increases.. A. temperature change of . Δ. T. Calculations. Apparent temperature (T. A. ). T. A. = . T. db. + 3.3 * VP + 0.7 * WS – 0.4. With:. T. db. = dry bulb temperature = ambient temperature (°C). VP = water vapour pressure (. hPa. ). Flows from higher-temperature object to lower-temperature object. System. (T. 1. ). Surroundings. (T. 2. ). Heat. If T. 1. > T. 2. q . system. = -. exothermic. System. (T. 1. ). Surroundings. (T. Clausius. – . Clapeyron. equation, Temperature dependence of entropy, Statistical interpretation of entropy, Consequences of third law, Nernst heat theorem, Equilibrium constant, Van-Hoff equation, Concept of fugacity, activity and mole fraction. 1. = T. 2. . . The most common is Celsius temperature scale. T= 0. o. C is the melting point of ice, and T= 100. o. C is the boiling temperature of water at atmospheric pressure.. Many properties of matter depend on temperature. For most substances, volume increases upon heating (exception: water near freezing point, between 0.