Infectious Disease Control - PowerPoint Presentation

Slide1

Infectious Disease Control

Snohomish County

Training Officers

Slide2

Main Points

Defining Infectious Disease

Types of Infectious Disease

Prevention

Prevalence in Our Community

Personal Protective Equipment (PPE)

Decontamination

Slide3

What is an Infectious Disease

Infectious

Disease:

Disorders

caused by organisms — such as bacteria, viruses, fungi or parasites

.

Mayo Clinic

Infection Control:

P

olicies

and procedures used to minimize the risk of spreading infections, especially in hospitals and human

health care facilities.

Nosocomial Infection:

Infection acquired in a healthcare setting (Hospital)

Slide4

Routes of Infection

Direct Transmission:

Occurs

when microorganisms are transferred from one infected person to another person without a contaminated intermediate object

or person. (CDC)

Direct Contact/Skin to Skin

Droplet/Respiratory Droplet

Indirect Transmission:

T

he

transfer of an infectious agent through a contaminated intermediate object or

person.

Accidental Needle Stick

Contact with Contaminated Material

Airborne

Slide5

Routes of Entry

Inhalation

Ingestion

Injection

Absorption

Slide6

Types of Infectious Disease

Bacterial

Viral

Fungal

Parasitic

Slide7

Bacteria

A collection of unicellular

microorganisms

within the body that

have cell walls but lack organelles and an organized

nucleus causing an infection.

Slide8

Types of Bacterial Infections

Tuberculosis (TB

)

Bacterial Meningitis

Streptococcus (Strep Throat)

Pneumonia

Pertussis (Whooping Cough)

Lyme Disease

Staphylococcus

aureus

Clostridium difficile (C-Diff)Escherichia coli (E.coli)

Slide9

Tuberculosis (TB)

Tuberculosis (TB) is caused by a bacterium called Mycobacterium

tuberculosis that primarily attack the lungs

Spread through the air

Not spread through touch

HIV Pt’s most at risk to contract TB

Video:

https://

youtu.be/9112brXCOVc

Slide10

Bacterial Meningitis

Inflammation

of the meninges caused

bacterial infection

Leading bacterial cause is Streptococcus

Very contagious and can be spread through the air or by contact.

Can be fatal in a few hours

May cause brain damage

4,100 cases/year in US and 500 deaths

Slide11

MRSA

Methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) is a type of staph bacteria that is resistant to certain antibiotics including methicillin

Commonly found in nasal passages

Spread by contact (skin to skin) with the bacteria

Photos: https

://

www.cdc.gov/mrsa/community/photos/index.html

Slide12

Pneumonia

Simply put, its an infection of the lungs

Commonly caused by pneumococcus bacteria

Spread through the direct contact with respiratory secretions

Can lead to more severe illnesses like meningitis and sepsis

Slide13

Viral Infections

A

microorganism

that is smaller than a bacterium

without a nucleus that

cannot grow or reproduce apart from a living

cell

Slide14

Types of Viral Infections

Influenza

Norovirus

HIV

Hepatitis

Croup

Meningitis

Pneumonia

Small Pox

Zika

Virus

Slide15

Influenza

A highly contagious viral respiratory infection causing a variety of symptoms such as a fever and respiratory symptoms

Transmitted by respiratory droplets when coughing/sneezing/talking

Can be transmitted to a person 6ft away

Carrier is contagious from 1 day before symptoms to 5-7 days after becoming sick

Slide16

Norovirus

A

highly contagious illness caused by infection with a virus called norovirus. It is often called by other names, such as viral gastroenteritis, stomach flu, and food

poisoning

https://youtu.be/Ey_OV_-

pBeo

Transmitted through fecal-oral route

Symptoms include vomiting, diarrhea, stomach pain, body aches

Contagious from when symptoms start to days after symptoms resolve

Slide17

Croup (HPIV)

Viral croup is the most common type and is caused by viruses, such as adenoviruses (cold viruses) and influenza (flu)

viruses causing inflammation of the upper respiratory tract (most common is human parainfluenza HPIV-80%)

Can be spread through the air or skin to skin contact

Characterized by barking cough, fever, and runny nose

Slide18

Hepatitis

A disease characterized by inflammation of the liver found in 5 types; A, B, C, D and E

Various transmission routes depending on type

Can lead to liver failure.

https://

www.cdc.gov/hepatitis/index.htm

Slide19

Fungal and Parasitic Infections

Fungal Infection

Candidiasis

C.

neoformans

Ringworm

C.

gattii

PneumoniaParasitic InfectionMalaria.GiardiasesLice

CrabsPneumonia

Slide20

Prevention

WASH HANDS!!!!!!!

Be cognizant of where your putting your hands and what might have been there (Rig checks??)

Wear gloves

Use appropriate PPE when necessary (respiratory and eye protection)

Proper disposal of Bio-Hazard materials

Properly handle and dispose of sharps

To the EMT’s, keep an eye on paramedics and needles and be careful where you put your hands

If you suspect the patient has an infectious disease then notify the receiving hospital prior to

arrival

Proper decontamination of tools and supplies WASH HANDS!!!!!!!

Slide21

What’s been there before

Slide22

Personal Protective Equipment (PPE)

Slide23

Nitrile Gloves

Slide24

Protective Eyewear (Eye-Pro)

Slide25

Gown

Slide26

Boot Covers

Slide27

Mask

Slide28

Donning PPE Technique

Inspect and don PPE prior to entry into contaminated area

Donning PPE Sequence:

M

E

G

G

M

ask

E

yesGownG

loves

Slide29

Doffing PPE Technique

Remove PPE once you have left the patient/contaminated area and be careful not to contaminate yourself or others during the doffing process

To Doff PPE just reverse the donning sequence:

G

G

E

M

G

loves

Gown- Wash HandsEyes

Mask- Wash HandsThen decontaminate all equipment that could have been contaminated like: stretcher, stethoscope, EKG leads, BP cuff, etc.

Slide30

Significant Exposure

What is a significant exposure?

When there is an “exposure incident” with the possibility/probability of a “disease transmission”.

"Disease Transmission"

means the process that includes a sufficient quantity of an infectious agent, such as a virus or bacteria; a mode of transmission, such as blood for HBV and HIV or airborne droplets for tuberculosis; a portal of entry, such as a needle stick injury, abraded skin, or mucous membrane contact; and a susceptible

host.

"Exposure Incident"

means a specific eye, mouth, other mucous membrane, non-intact skin, or parenteral contact with blood or other potentially infectious materials that results from the performance of an employee's duties

.

Slide31

What to do after Exposure

WASH THE AREA!!! With soap and warm water

Report exposure

IMMEDIATELY

to your supervisor

Follow instructions given by supervisor

Refer to SCFD#4 Infectious Disease Airborne/

Bloodborne

Policy 801 found on the Shared Drive

Slide32

Good to Know

Washing your hands is the best way to prevent the transmission of diseases

Don/Doff and Wear proper PPE when caring for a patient

Wear gloves when decontaminating and disinfecting equipment (Rig checks?)

With respiratory infectious disease, put a mask on the patient (if tolerated)

It is always safest to err on the side of caution when dealing with infectious diseases.

Slide33

Slide34

Further Information

Flu vaccine and why its important

https://

www.cdc.gov/flu/about/qa/vaccineeffect.htm

Hand Washing

http://msutoday.msu.edu/news/2013/eww-only-5-percent-wash-hands-correctly

/

Antibacterial Soap

http://www.fda.gov/ForConsumers/ConsumerUpdates/ucm378393.htm Hep C Curehttp://www.fda.gov/ForConsumers/ConsumerUpdates/ucm405642.htm

Slide35

References:

Mayo Clinic

Medical Dictionary

Snohomish County EMS

CDC

WA Department of Health

SCFD#4