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Infectious Diseases Pathogens:  Microorganisms that are capable of causing disease Infectious Diseases Pathogens:  Microorganisms that are capable of causing disease

Infectious Diseases Pathogens: Microorganisms that are capable of causing disease - PowerPoint Presentation

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Infectious Diseases Pathogens: Microorganisms that are capable of causing disease - PPT Presentation

Infection Results when a pathogen invades and begins growing within the host Disease Results only if and when normal tissue function is impaired The body has defense mechanisms to prevent infection ie burns skin lesions ID: 780274

pathogens disease diseases infectious disease pathogens infectious diseases host types viruses fungi bacteria caused skin transmitted trichinella reproduce prions

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Presentation Transcript

Slide1

Infectious Diseases

Slide2

Pathogens: Microorganisms that are capable of causing disease

Infection: Results when a pathogen invades and begins growing within the host

Disease: Results only if and when normal tissue function is impaired

The body has defense mechanisms to prevent infection (i.e. burns, skin lesions)

Slide3

In order to cause disease, pathogens must be able to enter, adhere, invade, colonize, and inflict damage

Entrance to the host typically occurs through natural orifices such as the mouth, eyes, genital openings, or through wounds that breach the skin barrier to pathogens

Growth of pathogens or the production of toxins/enzymes cause disease

Some normal flora prevent diseases

Slide4

Infectious Disease – a disease caused by the invasion of a host by pathogens causing impaired tissue function and can be transmitted to other individuals

Five

major types of infectious

agents (microbes):

bacteria, viruses, fungi, protozoa, and

helminthes:

Bacteria: They contain no organized internal membranous structures. Most reproduce by growing and dividing into two cells in a process known as binary fission.

Slide5

Types of Bacteria:

Salmonella typhi: a gram-negative organism that causes typhoid fever.

Yersinia pestis- Causes plague

The reservoir is rodents. ***

Staphylococcus aureus- causes skin, respiratory and wound infections.

Slide6

Salmonella

Typhi

Slide7

Yersinia

Pestis

Slide8

Staphylococcus

aureus

Slide9

Viruses: Infect all organisms from plants and animals to fungi and bacteria.

They are not organisms themselves because apart from a host cell, they have no metabolism and cannot reproduce.***

Slide10

You Tube

http://www.freetech4teachers.com/2013/10/a-fun-video-about-cold-prevention.html?utm_source=feedburner&utm_medium=feed&utm_campaign=Feed%3A+freetech4teachers%2FcGEY+%28Free+Technology+for+Teachers%29#.UmkMKj_aJ-V

Slide11

Types of viruses:

Herpes viruses: cause chicken pox, cold sores, and painful genital lesions, and the pox virus that causes smallpox.

Rhinoviruses: cause most common colds.

Slide12

Smallpox

Slide13

Viruses (continued)

Myxoviruses and paramyxoviruses: cause influenza, measles, and mumps.

Rotaviruses: cause gastroenteritis.

Retroviruses: cause AIDS and several types of cancer.

Slide14

Measles, Mumps, Influenza

Slide15

Fungi: Reproduce primarily by forming spores.

Types of diseases caused by fungi:

Ringworm

Histoplasmosis

(a mild to severe lung infection transmitted by bat or bird droppings)

Candida genus:

opportunistic pathogens***

that may cause diseases such as vaginal yeast infections and thrush.

Slide16

Fungi: Ringworm,

Histoplasmosis

, Candida genus

Slide17

Protozoa: Do not have cell walls and are capable of a variety of rapid and flexible movements.

Can be acquired by contaminated food or water or by the bite of an infected arthropod such as a mosquito.

Slide18

Helminths

: Simple, invertebrate animals, some of which are infectious parasites. Difficult to treat because the drugs that kill helminthes are frequently very toxic to human cells.

Diseases caused by

helminths

:

Trichinella

Spiralis

: occurs when improperly cooked pork from infected pigs is ingested.

Symptoms include vomiting and diarrhea and fever***

Respiratory paralysis can occur in fatal cases of

trichinella

spiralis

***

Slide19

Helminths

Slide20

Trichinella

Spriralis

Slide21

Prions: Infectious particles that consist of only protein.

Diseases caused by Prions:

Creutzfeldt-Jakob disease (in humans)***

Bovine spongiform encephalopathy (mad cow disease)

Slide22

Prions

Slide23

Epidemiology- the study of the occurrence of disease in populations.

Disease reservoirs- The reservoir for a disease where the infectious agent survives (example: rodents, soil

Modes of transmission: Infectious agents may be transmitted through either direct or indirect contact.

Slide24

Host defenses against infectious diseases:

Nonspecific mechanisms-the body’s primary defense against disease – these include anatomical barriers to invading pathogens, physiological deterrents to pathogens, and presence of normal flora. (skin, low pH and high salinity)

Slide25

Specific mechanisms of host resistance- our immune system

Immunity – when a host encounters an antigen that triggers a specific immune response for the second time and the body responds quickly and produces antibodies

Vaccination- produces immunity