Abdelbagi M Ali 1 2 Izzat SA Tahir 2 Abdalla MA Kurmut 2 Sufian M Suliman 2 Nasrein MK Omer 2 Tahani Y Elagib 2 Pierre Lagoda 1 and Brian Forster ID: 794053
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Slide1
Mutation-induced variability for improved yield and rust resistance in wheat in hot irrigated environments
Abdelbagi M. Ali
1, 2, Izzat S.A. Tahir2, Abdalla M.A. Kurmut2, Sufian M. Suliman2, Nasrein M.K. Omer2 , Tahani Y. Elagib2 , Pierre Lagoda1 and Brian Forster1
Plant Breeding and Genetics Laboratory, Joint FAO/IAEA Division of Nuclear Techniques in Food and Agriculture, Department of Nuclear Sciences and Applications, International Atomic Energy Agency - P.O. Box 100, A-1400 Vienna, AustriaAgricultural Research Corporation, PO Box 121, Wad Medani, Sudan
a.mukhtar-ali-ghanim@iaea.org
Slide2Contents
Introduction to the Division NAFA of IAEATC projects for NAProjects related to mutation breeding for resistance to wheat rust diseasesProgress made and out comeConclusion/way forward
Slide3International Atomic Energy Agency
Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations
Corporate Mission
Atomic energy for
peace, health and prosperity
Sustainable agricultural development, improved nutrition and food security
to contribute to sustainable food security and safety by use of nuclear techniques and bio
technology
Slide4Division of NAFA
Nuclear Techniques
Insect Pest Controlby Sterile Insect and Related Biological TechniquesPlant Breeding & Genetics by
Mutation Techniques
Animal Production & Health
by
Serological
and Molecular Techniques
Soil & Water Management
& Crop Nutrition
by Isotopic and Nuclear Techniques
Food & Environmental Safety
by Food Irradiation and Radio-
analytical
Techniques
Slide5Feedback
TechnologyTransfer
Slide696 Member States served
CRP
&
TCP
(7)
(65)
Slide7International Atomic Energy Agency
Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations
Mandate
Plant Breeding and Genetics
To improve national capacities in plant mutation breeding, especially in developing countries
:
Mutation induction
Mutation detection
Mutant line development (pre-breeding)
and other enabling technologies
Slide8Radio-sensitivity test to optimum dose
Stimulation
InductionGenes studies
International Atomic Energy Agency
Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations
12-15% Moisture
100% moisture
Slide9International Atomic Energy Agency
Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations
Generating and identifying mutants
5.0
5.5
6.0
6.5
7.0
7.5
8.0
0
50
100
150
200
250
300
350
400
450
500
550
600
650
700
750
800
850
900
Time (min)
Intensity (mV)
Mutation
Hin
a
Studies, Fluorescence
Hin
a
96
Hin
a
72
Hin
a
48
Hin
a
32
Hin
a
24
Hin
a
16
Hin
a
10
Hin
a
8
Hin
a
6
Hin
a
4
Hin
a
2
Hin
a
WT
Hin
a
Hom
Mutagenic
treatment
Mo seed
M
1
plants
M
2
, M
3
… ..
Genotyping
Seed resource of
identified mutants
Phenotyping
Slide10International Atomic Energy Agency
Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations
Mutant line
development
Identified mutant
Check BGSAD for potential alleles
Rounds of
selfing
Cross to reference genotype
Produce segregating population
Bulk
segregant
analysis
Fine Map
Candidates
via
synteny
Validation
Adaptive backcross to elite line
Varietal development
Varietal development
Slide11Recurrent parent
Donor mutant
F1
BC1
BC2
BC3
BCn
Backcross inbred lines
Selfing
DH, MM, Rapid cycling
DH, MM, Rapid cycling
FAST
SLOW
Homozygous
mutant lines
Mutant induction
Accelerated mutation breeding by combinations of DH, MM and short crop cycle
Repeated
generation
cycles
(5-6/year)
Slide12International Atomic Energy Agency
Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations
Successes in plant mutation breeding
3218 registered mutant
varieties in
214 plant
sp.
Majority (> 80%) have been developed by nuclear techniques
Most are food security crops
Legumes 492
Others 378
Cereals 1589
Flowers 642
Oil crops 110
Slide13INT5150 (2009-2013)
Wheat Stem Rust
SECOND DEFENSE LINE:
Algeria, Morocco, Tunisia
BACK UP DEFENSE LINE:
Pakistan, South Africa
LOGISTICS SUPPORT:
Australia, Austria,
Italy
, Mexico, Syria,
USA
FIRST DEFENSE LINE:
Egypt, Ethiopia, Iran, Jordan, Kenya, Sudan, Syria, Turkey, Uganda, Yemen
SUGGESTED ADD. PARTNERS: India, Iraq, Lebanon, Oman, Saudi Arabia
IMPORTANT WHEAT PRODUCING AREAS
Technology Transfer
Capacity Building
Networking
300 000 M2 and M3
Slide14Autors
(in alphabetical order):
(11)Al-Bokari M., (9)Al-Maawali Q. S. A., (9)Al-Mutasim Al-Busaidi R., (11)Al-Salman A., (14)Arabi M. I. E., (10)Arain M. A., (15)Ben Chedli Trifa Y., (1)Benbelkacem A., (3)Bhagwat S. G., (3)Bhavani S., (1)Djenadi C., (8)El Amil R., (2)Elsayed S. S., (14)Ghannam A., (10)Hussain M., (10)Khanzada S. K., (11)Khashoggi A., (7)Kimurto P. K., (7)Kinyua M. G., (7)Kiplagat O., (12)Le Roux J., (21)Li C., (22)Liu L., (13)Mohamed G., (4)Mostafavi H. A., (2)Moustafa R. A. K., (13)Mukhtar A. A. G., (7)Mutui T. M., (15)Rezgui S., (18)Saif A., (6)Shakhatreh Y., (20)Singh D., (16)Tutluer M. I., (17)Wagoire W. W., (19)Yahyaoui A., (5)Younus M. & (23)Lagoda P. J. L.(1)Algeria (2)Egypt (3)India
(4)Iran
(5)Iraq
(6)Jordan
(7)
Kenya
(8)
Lebanon
(9)
Oman
(10)
Pakistan
(11)
Saudi Arabia
(12)
South Africa
(13)
Sudan
(14)
Syrian Arab Republic
(15)
Tunisia
(16)
Turkey
(17)
Uganda
(18)
Yemen
(19)ICARDA, Syrian Arab Republic
(20)
CIMMYT, Nairobi, Kenya
(21)
Department of Agriculture and Food of Western Australia
(22)
Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences (CAAS)
(23)
FAO/IAEA, Austria (Luxembourg)
Slide15Screening Protocol for M2, M3 and M4
Eldoret, KenyaScreen House : M3 and M4 (inoculum spray)
Slide164 resistant mutant lines
Submitted to National Performance Trials
Slide17Screening workshop
Slide18Phenotype of resistant mutants and susceptible wild wheat genotypes (
Eldoret, Kenya )
Photographs courtesy of Amos EgoWild parentWild parentWild parentResistant mutantResistant mutantModerately resistant mutant
Slide19Visual and diseases
scores for M5 lines in two populations at the two testing sites; Wad Medani and New
Halfa., Sudan 2012 Visual Scores 1Wad MedaniNew HalfaDisease1 Scores Stem rustLeaf rust
0
Poor
221
277
R-
trR
256
6
√
Acceptable
136
125
trR
-MR
154
45
*
Good
73
62
MR-MS
68
84
**
Very good
61
32
MS-S
19
311
***
Excellent
7
2
S
3
54
Total
498
498
Total
500
500
1
R= resistant,
tr
= trace infection, MR= moderately resistant, MS= Moderately susceptible, S= susceptible
Visual scoring in both sites while the diseases scoring was at New
Halfa
Research Station
Slide20Genetic Stocks
Major gene resistance typeMinor gene resistance typeReleased mutant variety-Kenya
Advance lines (6) With high yield and resistance to stem and leaf rust (Sudan)Future outlookRelease mutant varietiesIdentify/characterize genes/allelesDevelop Molecular markersUtilize the resistance source in backcross breedingExpand the work for resistance to stripe rustOpportunity for collaborationsConclusion
Slide21Thanks for your attention