Remains of the Ottoman cultural heritage in Novi - PowerPoint Presentation

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Remains of the Ottoman cultural heritage in Novi Pazar

Prof dr. Šemsudin Plojović

International – University of Novi Pazar, Serbia

About Novi Pazar and

Sandzak

The

Sandžak

region forms Southwestern Serbia and the North of Montenegro and the south-eastern part of Bosnia and Herzegovina, and represents a cross-border region that is largely inhabited by Bosnians who are Muslims.

After the withdrawal of the Ottoman Empire, the residents of

Sandzak

remained on their home

lands

and refused to leave their homes and retreat with the Ottoman army.

T

hey stay

on their

dorsteps (toprak - as they say)

, separated by state borders from each other and separated from the Ottoman Empire.

The whole region

now

has about 300,000 inhabitants. The center of the region is Novi

Pazar

-

Yeni

Bazar, a city of 120,000 inhabitants.

In this region, many buildings from the Ottoman period have been preserved, and many mosques

even nowdays

proud

ly stand in their beuty

.

That they are worthy successors of their good predecessors,

this people

shows

on exaple

that since 1990 only over 20 new mosques have been built in the territory of the city of Novi

Pazar

, and in the new

waqfs

there are Kindergartens,

Medres

a

, University, Islamic faculty and many other

w

aq

f

s.

Based on the tradition of value binding in the form of a

waq

f, today the number of

waqf

s is increasing every day.

Remains of the Ottoman cultural heratige in Novi Pazar, Serbia

In their formation Novi

Pazar

or Jeni Bazar, as it was called by its founder,

snadžak

-

beg

,

Isa beg-

Ishaković

, the first building that can be considered are the cornerstone of Isa-

bey

hamam

, Isa-beg

han

and Isa

Bey

Mosque.

In addition to these facilities were built craft and trade shops that give the physiognomy of oriental bazaar.

Old town of Novi Pazar

is authentic in many ways but remained largely preserved many buildings from this period are of great importance and fall within the cultural and historical monuments, such as

hamams

, mosques, towers, ramparts and

Amiragin

han

.

Novi Pazar, old town in the city center,

Picture is taken from the site of Touristic organization of Novi Pazar

Hamams

As Islamic religious regulations, in addition to frequent washing, require the washing of the whole body, in the period of Turkish rule in Novi

Pazar

itself, two antique public baths-

amama

were built.

One of them has been preserved till our day. This old and already abandoned

amam

is located in the center of the city, opposite the entrance to the Arab mosque (July 7th Street), but from the view of the passersby it is sheltered by a number of subsequently crafted craft and trade shops. It is, in fact, one of the oldest and most important monuments of Islamic architecture throughout

Sandzak

.

By type, this old bathroom belongs to dual or "clean"

ammamas

, which are portrayed along a longitudinal symmetry by a massive wall so that one half, with a separate entrance, serves for bathing men and the other for women.

Isa-beys hamam, in the old town, picture is taken on the site bosnjaci.net

Signing of the contract on the reconstruction of Isa-bey's

hamas, signed by the president of the Turk

ey

and president of the Islamic community in Serbia, October 11, 2017.

Novi Pazar, Serbia

Novi Pazar spa – old ammam

In the immediate vicinity of Novi

Pazar

, four kilometers northeast of the city, there is a

Novopazar

Spa with a healing bath, also raised by the Turks. According to the tradition, the bath in the 16th century was held for a certain period by

Hadži

Hurem

, the founder of one of the oldest mosques in Novi

Pazar

. In 1611, this warm mineral bath was mentioned by the French traveler

Lefevr

, and around the middle of the 17th century and the Turkish geographer

Hadzi

Kalfa

.

Evelya

Celebi

praises this "

ilidzha

" as one of the favorite picnics of

citisens

and points out that it was

bilted

by Hafiz Ahmed-pasha.

Novi Pazar old spa waqf, before the reconstruction

Novi Pazar old spa waqf – reconstruction in 2015. made bz teh Islamic community in Serbia

Novi Pazar old spa waqf, Cleanin the yard of the spa organized by employees of International – University of Novi Pazar, 16.09.2015.

Fortress of Novi Pazar

In the center of Novi

Pazar

, on a mild elevation that closes the river basin of

Raska

from the north-west, and from today's eastern Street of the First May, the walls of the old Turkish fortress extend. It covered the surface - now converted to the City Park - of over 16,000 square meters and, according to the preserved stone bastions, the remaining ramparts and half-strewn wide trenches, - the shape of the triangle whose theme was directed to the north.

At that place today, the most significant bastion is built, a very complex base, which flanks the original entrance to the fortress and hides the underground dungeon -

zindan

.

Its walls at a height of about five meters are surrounded by a

semicircularly

profiled cordon wreath, and some stone squares decorate plastic carved representations of ports and lightning, birds and snakes, lions and decorative roses.

These motifs, which were often built on other Turkish fortifications from the 15th to the 18th centuries, also had the symbolic significance of the protection of the building. The northeastern rampart of the Novi

Pazar

fortress of the part of the fortress was built, on the occasion of some later extension, with one marble slab marked in the year 1750.

Fortress of Novi Pazar

Mosques

From the former plethora of Novi

Pazar

mosques, with its antiquity and simple beauty, the

Altin

alm

mosque is particularly prominent. It was

bilted

at the end of old

Čaršija

(today's Streets of May 1st), which was once used by the imperial jade that led from this town towards

Mirtovica

and Skopje.

It is not a large building: it is slightly less than 16 meters long and only about 10 meters wide. It is a spacious dome with an interesting mosaic and not particularly slender minaret.

Its central space, made in the shape of a nearly regular cube, is covered by a low 9 m wide cube.

Altun-alem mosque in Novi Pazar

For the

Bor

-mosque, in today's

Kragujevac

Street, it is known, based on the inscription preserved over the entrance leading from the porch to its main part, that it was

built

by

Hadji

Hurem

in 1561.

However, with the exception of a lecture which says that this tenant of life as a tenant kept a warm mineral bath in Banja near Novi

Pazar

, and after his death was buried in a tur

e

with this mosque - now we have no further information about its founder.

At the end of 1660, Turkish traveler

Evliya

Celebi

mentioned Hajji

Hurem's

mosque as one of the most famous in this city, so we can assume that at that time it was also emphasized with its beautiful appearance.

Hadzi Hurem – Bor mosque

Written heratige from the Otoman period

A special part of the Ottoman heritage is the old documents and books kept by the administration of the Islamic community over the years.

They, by their number and importance, may not represent any special significance for the history of the Ottoman Empire, but on the other hand they are very important to people living in the territory of

Sandzak

.

This legacy is proof of their affiliation to Islam, their literacy and achievements in culture and science.

This material is kept at the International University - University of Novi

Pazar

at the University Library.

The list of books consists of 128 manuscripts, of which

the oldest iz from year of

1586.

L

ist

of old printed books makes about 2000 titles.

It is important to note that the manuscripts were written in the Old

Ottoman

, Persian and Arabic languages.

Of special importance are the books on

Arebica

, which are the books written in Bosnian

language

in the Arabic script. This letter was banned by the state after the Second World War.

Thank you for your attention