Pazar Prof dr Šemsudin Plojović International University of Novi Pazar Serbia About Novi Pazar and Sandzak The Sandžak region forms Southwestern Serbia and the North of Montenegro and the southeastern part of Bosnia and Herzegovina and represents a crossborder region that i ID: 787598
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Slide1
Remains of the Ottoman cultural heritage in Novi Pazar
Prof dr. Šemsudin Plojović
International – University of Novi Pazar, Serbia
Slide2About Novi Pazar and
Sandzak
The
Sandžak
region forms Southwestern Serbia and the North of Montenegro and the south-eastern part of Bosnia and Herzegovina, and represents a cross-border region that is largely inhabited by Bosnians who are Muslims.
After the withdrawal of the Ottoman Empire, the residents of
Sandzak
remained on their home
lands
and refused to leave their homes and retreat with the Ottoman army.
T
hey stay
on their
dorsteps (toprak - as they say)
, separated by state borders from each other and separated from the Ottoman Empire.
The whole region
now
has about 300,000 inhabitants. The center of the region is Novi
Pazar
-
Yeni
Bazar, a city of 120,000 inhabitants.
Slide3In this region, many buildings from the Ottoman period have been preserved, and many mosques
even nowdays
proud
ly stand in their beuty
.
That they are worthy successors of their good predecessors,
this people
shows
on exaple
that since 1990 only over 20 new mosques have been built in the territory of the city of Novi
Pazar
, and in the new
waqfs
there are Kindergartens,
Medres
a
, University, Islamic faculty and many other
w
aq
f
s.
Based on the tradition of value binding in the form of a
waq
f, today the number of
waqf
s is increasing every day.
Slide4Remains of the Ottoman cultural heratige in Novi Pazar, Serbia
In their formation Novi
Pazar
or Jeni Bazar, as it was called by its founder,
snadžak
-
beg
,
Isa beg-
Ishaković
, the first building that can be considered are the cornerstone of Isa-
bey
hamam
, Isa-beg
han
and Isa
Bey
Mosque.
In addition to these facilities were built craft and trade shops that give the physiognomy of oriental bazaar.
Old town of Novi Pazar
is authentic in many ways but remained largely preserved many buildings from this period are of great importance and fall within the cultural and historical monuments, such as
hamams
, mosques, towers, ramparts and
Amiragin
han
.
Slide5Novi Pazar, old town in the city center,
Picture is taken from the site of Touristic organization of Novi Pazar
Slide6Hamams
As Islamic religious regulations, in addition to frequent washing, require the washing of the whole body, in the period of Turkish rule in Novi
Pazar
itself, two antique public baths-
amama
were built.
One of them has been preserved till our day. This old and already abandoned
amam
is located in the center of the city, opposite the entrance to the Arab mosque (July 7th Street), but from the view of the passersby it is sheltered by a number of subsequently crafted craft and trade shops. It is, in fact, one of the oldest and most important monuments of Islamic architecture throughout
Sandzak
.
By type, this old bathroom belongs to dual or "clean"
ammamas
, which are portrayed along a longitudinal symmetry by a massive wall so that one half, with a separate entrance, serves for bathing men and the other for women.
Slide7Isa-beys hamam, in the old town, picture is taken on the site bosnjaci.net
Slide8Signing of the contract on the reconstruction of Isa-bey's
hamas, signed by the president of the Turk
ey
and president of the Islamic community in Serbia, October 11, 2017.
Novi Pazar, Serbia
Slide9Novi Pazar spa – old ammam
In the immediate vicinity of Novi
Pazar
, four kilometers northeast of the city, there is a
Novopazar
Spa with a healing bath, also raised by the Turks. According to the tradition, the bath in the 16th century was held for a certain period by
Hadži
Hurem
, the founder of one of the oldest mosques in Novi
Pazar
. In 1611, this warm mineral bath was mentioned by the French traveler
Lefevr
, and around the middle of the 17th century and the Turkish geographer
Hadzi
Kalfa
.
Evelya
Celebi
praises this "
ilidzha
" as one of the favorite picnics of
citisens
and points out that it was
bilted
by Hafiz Ahmed-pasha.
Slide10Novi Pazar old spa waqf, before the reconstruction
Slide11Novi Pazar old spa waqf – reconstruction in 2015. made bz teh Islamic community in Serbia
Slide12Novi Pazar old spa waqf, Cleanin the yard of the spa organized by employees of International – University of Novi Pazar, 16.09.2015.
Slide13Fortress of Novi Pazar
In the center of Novi
Pazar
, on a mild elevation that closes the river basin of
Raska
from the north-west, and from today's eastern Street of the First May, the walls of the old Turkish fortress extend. It covered the surface - now converted to the City Park - of over 16,000 square meters and, according to the preserved stone bastions, the remaining ramparts and half-strewn wide trenches, - the shape of the triangle whose theme was directed to the north.
At that place today, the most significant bastion is built, a very complex base, which flanks the original entrance to the fortress and hides the underground dungeon -
zindan
.
Its walls at a height of about five meters are surrounded by a
semicircularly
profiled cordon wreath, and some stone squares decorate plastic carved representations of ports and lightning, birds and snakes, lions and decorative roses.
These motifs, which were often built on other Turkish fortifications from the 15th to the 18th centuries, also had the symbolic significance of the protection of the building. The northeastern rampart of the Novi
Pazar
fortress of the part of the fortress was built, on the occasion of some later extension, with one marble slab marked in the year 1750.
Slide14Fortress of Novi Pazar
Slide15Mosques
From the former plethora of Novi
Pazar
mosques, with its antiquity and simple beauty, the
Altin
alm
mosque is particularly prominent. It was
bilted
at the end of old
Čaršija
(today's Streets of May 1st), which was once used by the imperial jade that led from this town towards
Mirtovica
and Skopje.
It is not a large building: it is slightly less than 16 meters long and only about 10 meters wide. It is a spacious dome with an interesting mosaic and not particularly slender minaret.
Its central space, made in the shape of a nearly regular cube, is covered by a low 9 m wide cube.
Slide16Altun-alem mosque in Novi Pazar
Slide17For the
Bor
-mosque, in today's
Kragujevac
Street, it is known, based on the inscription preserved over the entrance leading from the porch to its main part, that it was
built
by
Hadji
Hurem
in 1561.
However, with the exception of a lecture which says that this tenant of life as a tenant kept a warm mineral bath in Banja near Novi
Pazar
, and after his death was buried in a tur
e
with this mosque - now we have no further information about its founder.
At the end of 1660, Turkish traveler
Evliya
Celebi
mentioned Hajji
Hurem's
mosque as one of the most famous in this city, so we can assume that at that time it was also emphasized with its beautiful appearance.
Slide18Hadzi Hurem – Bor mosque
Slide19Written heratige from the Otoman period
A special part of the Ottoman heritage is the old documents and books kept by the administration of the Islamic community over the years.
They, by their number and importance, may not represent any special significance for the history of the Ottoman Empire, but on the other hand they are very important to people living in the territory of
Sandzak
.
This legacy is proof of their affiliation to Islam, their literacy and achievements in culture and science.
This material is kept at the International University - University of Novi
Pazar
at the University Library.
Slide20Slide21The list of books consists of 128 manuscripts, of which
the oldest iz from year of
1586.
L
ist
of old printed books makes about 2000 titles.
It is important to note that the manuscripts were written in the Old
Ottoman
, Persian and Arabic languages.
Of special importance are the books on
Arebica
, which are the books written in Bosnian
language
in the Arabic script. This letter was banned by the state after the Second World War.
Slide22Thank you for your attention