eTwinning project MAKE MY STEM Students participants Hristijan Durljanov Angela Petroska Angela Jakimoska Dimitar Stojcheski Valentin Ilioski Ljubica Dimkoska Aleksandar ID: 796307
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TEXTILE INDUSTRY IN THE PAST AND IN THE PRESENT
eTwinning project: MAKE MY STEM
Students participants:Hristijan DurljanovAngela PetroskaAngela JakimoskaDimitar StojcheskiValentin IlioskiLjubica DimkoskaAleksandar Jovanoski
Teacher
M.Sc. Karolina
Damjanoska
Slide2The
Republic of Macedonia is on the crossroad of major routes in
Southeast EuropeThe country provides a link between four main regions in Europe: Central Europe, Aegean Sea, Black Sea and the Adriatic Sea
Slide3Economic SituationMacedonia endured many challenges and difficulties endured during the transitional period when it introduced political and economic
reforms to build a democratic society and open market economyThe result
has been political and macroeconomic stability that leaves room for growth
Slide4Textile industry in the past Traditional Oriental carpets (ќилими) in Macedonia
Slide5The first testimonies of rugs in the Balkans dating back to the Byzantine Empire, a period in which they represented luxury items for the upper classes, imported from the Orient but also produced in the Byzantine workshops. However, the emergence of specific textile form of carpet (ќилими) on the peninsula is particularly associated with the arrival of the Turks who carry this subject as part of their traditional culture
Slide6As the first center appears Thessaloniki where the carpet industry was mainly in the hands of the Jewish community, after their decline in the 19th century appear new centers of Balakan Peninsula, cities
Pirot (Serbia) and Chiprovci (Bulgaria)These cores are spread characteristics that affect the carpet weaving in Macedonia
Slide7In Macedonia carpet weaving has been developed mostly for domestic needs, however, concentrated around a few cities such as Prilep, Ohrid, Skopje,
Kratovo and Dojran; products are charactirised by local particularities
Slide8The loom is still weaving In Macedonia
Skilled hands of women from Roussinovo make wool blankets (јамболии), carpets, rugs from linen and cotton fibers.They
formed the association "Handicrafts", which has existed for eleven years
Slide9Macedonian national costume
Women from Smilevo wearing national costumes in 1913
Folk costumes from Prillep
Slide10Folk costumes from Galicnichnik, Mala i Dolna
Reka
Folk costume from Gostivar, Upper Polog
Slide11Textile industry in the presentFree Trade Agreements
Are very important for the garment industry
Macedonia has concluded three multi-lateral free trade agreements: with the European Union (EU) countries, the European Free Trade Association (EFTA) and the Central European Free Trade Agreement (CEFTA)In addition, Macedonia has signed free trade agreements with Turkey and UkraineIn April 2011, the Euro-Mediterranean convention on preferential rules of origin was adopted by the Council of the European UnionIn order to fully utilize the benefits of this convention, Macedonia needs to sign free trade agreements with the Mediterranean countriesThis is very important for the textile industry, since Macedonia does not produce its own fabrics
Slide12Free Economic ZonesThe zones are used to facilitate economic activities
to be performed under special conditions, including tax and other incentives for zone users
0% personal and corporate income tax for up to the first 10 years (10% thereafter);No VAT and customs duties levied on export products;Subsidy of up to € 500,000 towards building costs;Land lease for up to 99 years at attractive concessionary rates;Free connection to utilities;Green Customs Channel for expediting exports to the EU;Advantageous location – access to pan-European corridors 8 and 10, railroad, and international airportTextile Production in Stip
Slide13The Textile Industry in MacedoniaThe garment industry in Macedonia exports mainly to EU countries
93% of the production is organized by the CM or CMT (Cut, Make & Trim) system for foreign marketsFull
production and own brand production is partly exported and the rest is placed in the domestic marketThe price of CMT production is approximately 0.07 EUR per minute
Slide14Garment Sector in MacedoniaThe competitive export advantages of the Macedonian
apparel industry are:1. Short periods from orders to delivery;2. Capability to produce small orders at the same prices as
big orders (higher productivity);3. Quality of performance;4. Good transport and logistics servicesThe garment sector is very important for the Macedonian economyThis industry is a significant source of jobs and export revenues and therefore contributes significantly to the stability of the Macedonian economyProduction capacities in the apparel sectorGood and modern equipmentFollowing new trends in development of textile machines and production technologiesIncreased investments in computer technologies - to meet buyers’ requirementsto provide a perfect training tool for introducing own designExport-import departmentsThe garment sector is one of the largest employers in the countryAt the end of 2010 it employed over 45,000 workers
Slide15The Textile Industry and its Significant Role in the Macedonian Economy
Garment Sector SurveyThe total number of enterprises in the textile industry, according to the Economic Chamber of Macedonia in 2009 was 1,930 companies, or
4.3% of all Macedonian enterprisesMost companies (close to 50%) are located in the eastern part of Macedonia followed by 30% in the central part and 20% in the western part of MacedoniaClose to 87% of these companies are micro and small enterprises that contribute 18% of industry jobsTextile company in Kochani
Slide16Textile companies located over the country
Slide17Structure of enterprises by number of employees
Slide18The average net-wage in the textiles and apparel industry is among the lowest in the manufacturing industry and in all segments
Slide19For comparison purposes, the following table provides an overview of average monthly wages in Balkan countries
Slide20Production CyclesThe garment industry is one of the oldest and largest globalized industries
in the worldMany countries produce for the international garment market
Garment production helps to develop national economiesThere are four basic business models in the garments production: CM/CMT, OEM full production, ODM (design) and OBM (brand development) - (Gereffi, 1999)Textiles in stock
Slide21Average productivity in Eastern Europe (relative to German productivity)
Slide22Exports of Textile Products(Major textile export destinations)
Slide23Export of major products in 2010
The buyers, mainly companies from Europe, provide the basic materials
(fabrics) and accessories (zippers, threads, and other auxiliary fabrics), while the Macedonian firms provide only the assembly
Slide24The National Classification of Activities (NCA) categorizes imports in two groups: Import of
Textiles andImport of Readymade Garments
There is no cotton or wool fibre production in MacedoniaA few knitwear producers are buying cotton yarn from Pakistan and EgyptOnly one company has added wool to its final products lineThe apparel industry imports the following raw materials:Fabrics: cotton, wool, viscose, rayon, silk and their mixesDyes and chemicalsTrimmingsThe main countries of origin for imports (textile manufacturing):Textile manufacturing: Serbia, Bulgaria, Turkey, Pakistan, ItalyGarment manufacturing: Greece, Turkey, Slovenia, Italy, China
Slide25Textile Trade Association - Textile Cluster (TTA – TC
)
TTA - TC is a promoter of an ecologically responsible and dynamic textile industryTextile Trade Association – Textile Cluster (TTA-TC) was established in October 2003 as a non-profit NGO, whose primary goal is improving companies’ competitiveness by observing world trends and changes in the global market, as well as adjusting the participants’ own production to those trends and changesTTA-TC represents the most significant industrial branch in the Republic of MacedoniaTTA-TC provides its members essential information they require to grow locally and worldwide TTA- TC cooperates with all relevant government and non-government institutions on issues related to decisions and legislation that may impact the textile industry, such as:Industrial policies;Research and innovations;Location;Social issues
Slide26Activities and Services of Textile Trade Association
Organization of educational and training seminars for
its membersContinuous training and skills improvement of operators;Continuous training of supervisorsFacilitation of contacts between members and foreign buyers;Participation in European Union projects beneficial to its members;Organizing visit to and for fairs, shows, and commercial envoys;Publishing, advertising and bulletins in order to popularize the activities of TTA-TC and its members
Slide27FacultiesFaculty of Technology and Metallurgy is providing undergraduate, master
and PhD in the field of textile and clothing engineeringFaculty of Art and Design trains designers who will use their knowledge in
three major art departments: Graphic, Fashion and Interior design
Slide28Faculty of Technology and MetallurgyInstitute
of Textile EngineeringThe Institute of Textile Engineering at the Faculty of Technology and Metallurgy in Skopje was founded in 1970 to meet the
needs of the Macedonian textile industryToday, the Institute of Textile Engineering is still the only institution in Macedonia providing undergraduate, master and doctoral studies in the field of textile and clothing engineeringThe Institute provides:Research in the field of textile technology, clothing technology and production engineeringTailored courses for industry and courses for post-secondary school specialization in pattern cutting and modelling, CAD systems for pattern cutting, finishing of products from cellulose fibres and their mixtures, production engineering, quality control etc.Expertise in the textile and clothing related fields
Slide29Faculty of Art and DesignThe mission of the Faculty of Art and Design is to train specialized designers who will use their creative knowledge in three major art departments: Graphic, Fashion and Interior Design
Slide30MFF - Macedonian Fashion FormationCluster for fashion and design
Founded in 2005 by Macedonian designers, Macedonian Fashion Formation established itself as an original, conceptual platform for creating, developing and presenting contemporary fashion
design.Its main goals are achieved through: Public debates and public presentations of fashion designersTreatment and research of different aspects of fashion as a cultural and sub cultural achievement at local and international levelsFashion shows and eventsFashion contests and promotion of young designersPublishing of brochures, newsletters, books and theoretical publications in the field of fashion design theory, costume history and history of fashionSeminars, workshops, and short courses for audiences interested in the various fields of fashion designInitiatives conducive to create original Macedonian products jointly with the apparel industry
Slide31Nenad
Sekirarski
Olgica Dojcinoska Momirovska-CharlieFlamboyant by Goran SidjimovskiDanijela SimonovskaSome works from Macedonian designers
Slide32The Macedonian companies of the textile industry which are a key activity in the Macedonian economy and a sector with a long tradition
Albatros
, ShtipAlma, KochaniAstibo Fashion Group, ShtipTeteks, Tetovo
Slide33Kuli Confection, Prilep
Linea,
ShtipOkitex, SkopjeMK Stobi, Veles