Provide transfer of Oxygen form air to blood Inhaled21 Exhaled16 Provide transfer of carbon dioxide out What is the Respiration It is the act of breathing through inhalation inspiration and exhalation ID: 913050
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Slide1
V/S, Respiration
Slide2Function of the Lungs
Provide transfer of Oxygen form air to blood
Inhaled=21%
Exhaled=16%Provide transfer of carbon dioxide out
Slide3What is the Respiration?
It is the act of breathing through inhalation (inspiration) and exhalation.
External respiration : interchange of O2 and CO2 b/w alveoli and pulmonary blood.
Internal respiration : interchange of O2 and CO2 b/w circulating blood and cells of body tissues.
Slide4Costal (thoracic) breathing :
Involves external inter-costal
Muscles and accessory muscles
(
sterno-cleido-mastoid)
The chest moved upward and outward
Slide5Diaphragmatic (abdominal)
respiration : contraction and
relaxation of diaphragm.
Observed by abdominal
movement
Slide66
Mechanics and Regulation of Breathing
Slide77
Figure 29-15
Respiratory inhalation. Lateral view
Slide88
Figure 29-15 (continued)
Respiratory inhalation. Anterior view.
Slide99
Figure 29-16
Respiratory exhalation. Lateral view
Slide1010
Figure 29-16
(continued) Respiratory exhalation. Anterior view.
Slide11Respiratory control
Respiratory center in medulla oblongata and the
pons
of the brainChemo-receptors
located in medulla and carotid artery and aorta
Slide1212
Factors Affecting Respiration
Factors
↑ Resp.
Exercise Stress
↑ environmental temp.
Lowered O2 concentrations at increased altitudes
Factors ↓ Resp.
Certain medication e.g. narcotics
↑ ICP
Slide13Respiratory rates
15-20 Breaths/m (teen ages- above 70 years)
15-25 B/m (5 - 10 years)
20-40 B/m (1 year)
30-80 B/m (new born)
Slide14Assessing respiration
Complete cycles of respiration for one minute.
Consider influences and factors affecting respiration and medications
Don’t tell the client when counting respiration
Slide15Description of respiratory rate
Normal respiratory rate and depth= eupnoea
Slow resp. = bradypnea
Fast resp. = tachpnea (polypnea)Absence breathing = apnea
Slide16Respiratory volume
Hypoventilation
Hyperventilation
Slide17Respiratory Rhythm
Cheyne-stokes breathing : very deep to very shallow and temporary apnea.
Slide18Ease and Efforts
Dyspnea
Orthopnea : ability to breath only in upright sitting or standing positions.
Slide19Breathing sounds
Stridor (laryngeal obstruction)
Stretor (snoring)(partial obstruction of URT)
Wheeze (whistling) (narrowed or partial obstruction of airways)Bubbling (gurgling) (moist secretions in respiratory tract)
Slide20Chest movements
Intercostal retraction (b/w ribs)
Substernal retraction (beneath breast bone)
Suprasternal retraction (above clavicles)
Slide21Secretions and coughing
Hemoptysis
Productive cough
Non-productive cough