PPT-Functional Groups Things attached to carbon chains

Functional Groups Atoms other than hydrogen or carbon covalently bonded to a carbon atom in an organic molecule Most commonly oxygen nitrogen or the halogens The presence of a functional group drastically changes the chemical properties of a molecule. Functional Groups. Functional groups: special groups of atoms attached to a hydrocarbon skeleton; the most common sites of chemical reactivity.. Organic halides: . a hydrogen is replaced by a halogen. Functional groups. The functional group of . alkanes. is the C-C bond, the alkenes C=C bond and so on. Tetrahedral carbon compounds. In addition to the . alkanes. . the other tetrahedral compounds are the . organic compounds. isomers. functional groups . Much of the chemistry of life is based on organic compounds. organic compounds. have at least one carbon atom covalently bound to either:. another carbon atom. Functional Groups. Functional groups: special groups of atoms attached to a hydrocarbon skeleton; the most common sites of chemical reactivity.. Organic halides: . a hydrogen is replaced by a halogen. Synthetic design involves two distinct steps: . (1) retrosynthetic analysis and . (2) subsequent translation of the analysis into a "forward direction" synthesis. . In the analysis, the chemist recognizes the functional groups in a molecule and disconnects them proximally by methods corresponding to known and reliable reconnection reactions.. Mainly carbon and hydrogen atoms.. Many organic compounds occur naturally.. Thousands more can be synthesized by man.. Ch. 10: Organic Chemistry. Butane versus . NaCl. Inorganic. Organic. NaCl. , 58.5 g/mol. Organic Compounds: Alkanes and Their Stereochemistry. Organic Chemistry I. S. Imbriglio. Functional Groups. A . functional group. . is a group of atoms within a molecule that has a . ___________________________.. Carbon & The Molecular Diversity of Life Carbon: The Backbone of Life Living organisms consist mostly of carbon-based compounds Carbon is unparalleled in its ability to form large, complex, and diverse molecules The Major Functional Groups Hydroxyls of alcohols Carbonyls of aldehydes and ketones Carboxyls of carboxylic acids Aminos of amines Sulfhydryls of thiols Phosphates of organic phosphates Methyl Functional Group. An atom, group of atoms or type of bond in an organic molecule that react in a predictable manner . Symbol . “. R. ” . is used to represent the hydrocarbon fragment of the organic molecule . The Key to Survival. Why is this so important?. Over and over again, you will be asked to do reactions, the details to which you will receive in lecture and via your textbook. For each reaction, reagents will be used to convert one functional group into another.. There are two main systems of nomenclature of organic compounds :. 1. Trivial system . 2. IUPAC system. NOMENCLATURE OF ORGANIC COMPOUNDS. Oldest system of naming organic compounds. Trivial names are based on name of the discoverer or on the source, from which they were obtained.. Section 2 – Molecules of Life. Objectives. Distinguish between organic and inorganic compounds.. Explain the importance of carbon bonding in biological molecules.. Identify functional groups in biological molecules.. members. >10 . million. . organic. . compounds. !. How to . identify. . them. ?. . Molecular. formula. C. 4. H. 10. Extended. s. tructural. formula. Partially. . condensed. . structural. formula.