Concluding WWI - PowerPoint Presentation

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Concluding WWISlide2

Reviewing the Timeline

1914 – WWI begins

June 28, 1914 – Franz Ferdinand shot

1915 Stalemate on the Western frontGallipoli Campaign1916 Feb – Dec – Battle of VerdunJuly – Battle of the SommeRussia struggles 1917U.S. enters WWIRussia withdraws from the war1918 – WWI ends1919 – Treaty of Versailles signedSlide3

The Influenza

Last months of the war

Killed more people worldwide than all battles of the warSlide4

Progression of the Great Influenza

First detected in Kansas

American troops arriving in France in the spring of 1918 carried the strain

Swept the Western front, disabling 500,000 German troopsThen vanishedSecond and third waves deadlierThe influenza killed within a few days30 million people diedSlide5

Total War

War had been on for 3 years, killed millions

What does the term “total war” suggest?

Answer on your paperCountries began engaging in total war – devoting all their resources to the war effortGovernments told factories what to produceRationing went into effect (people could only buy small amounts of things needed for the war)Propaganda was used to persuade people to join the war effortSlide6

Russia Withdraws

By 1917, 5.5 million soldiers had been wounded, killed or taken prisoner

Russian army refused to fight anymore

Bolshevik RevolutionRussia withdrew from the warSlide7

Germany Rushes West

Now that they didn’t have to fight Russia, they moved all their troops towards France

But their troops were not as strong anymore

Allies (with 140,000 American troops) counterattackedSecond Battle of the MarneAllies began to advance towards GermanySlide8

Central Powers Collapse

Bulgarians surrender

Ottoman Turks surrender

Austria-Hungary’s troops mutiniedSlide9

Armistice

In Germany, troops also mutinied

People went against the Kaiser

Nov. 9, 1918 – Kaiser Wilhelm II stepped downGermany declared itself a RepublicA representative from Germany met with a French commander in a railway carThey signed an armistice – an agreement to stop fightingWhat do you think the peace agreement might involve? Answer on your paperSlide10

WWI Statistics: Death Tolls

Whose were highest? Whose were lowest?

Why?Slide11
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The Peace

Representatives from the U.S., France, Britain and Italy met to determine the terms of the peace

(Left to right) The “Big Four”: David Lloyd George of Britain,

Vittorio Orlando of Italy, Georges Clemenceau of France, and Woodrow Wilson of the United States, the principal architects of the Treaty of Versailles.Slide13

Treaty of Versailles

Signed exactly 5 years after Franz Ferdinand’s murder

Adopted the

League of Nations, which would try to keep peace among the nationsPunished Germany Lost territoryRestrictions on its military operations“War Guilt” cause blamed Germany for the war and forced it to pay reparations to the AlliesWhat did this lead to?Germany lost all its imperial territoriesSlide14

Carving up Europe

The Allies also signed treaties with the other Central

P

owers – they lost land as well Austria-Hungary carved into other countries:AustriaHungaryCzechoslovakiaYugoslaviaOttoman Turks only got to keep TurkeyOther areas made into nationsSlide15
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Problems of the Peace

Many countries disagreed with the terms of the Treaty

America ultimately rejected the Treaty, wanting to stay out of European affairs

Germany was very bitter about the “war guilt clause”Most countries felt the Treaty wasn’t fair to themWhy might so many countries have been unhappy?Answer on your paperSlide17

The Impact of WWI

Mass deaths – 14 million (soldiers and civilians)

$338 billion spent

Warfare forever altered – modern weapons and tacticsRestructured EuropeBitter GermanyModernity – Disillusionment and despair