and Urban Life Images from Google Images httpimagesgooglecomimages Video clip Immigrants coming to America New Wave of Immigrants Mid 1800s to early 1900s A flood of Immigrants to the US ID: 605305
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Slide1
Immigrants
and Urban Life
Images from Google Images
http://images.google.com/imagesSlide2
Video clipImmigrants coming to AmericaSlide3
New Wave of Immigrants
Mid 1800s to early 1900s- A flood of Immigrants to the U.S.
WHY?Slide4
PUSH FACTORS
Overcrowding
Jobs were scarce
Immigrants saw the U.S. as a
land of opportunity
Not enough land
Persecution
Against certain
ethnic groups
PULL FACTORS
Poverty
Economic troubles
Plentiful, affordable
land
jobsSlide5
The Journey to America
Travel to the seaport to catch a boat (100s of miles on foot or horseback- through foreign cities.)
12
days
across the Atlantic
Several weeks across the
Pacific: almost 6 weeks
Cheap tickets – travel in
steerage
Camped, noisy quarters on the lower decksSlide6
“We were so long on the water that we began to think we should never get to America.”
-Emigrants of Italy
Difficulties and confusion
STEERAGESlide7
-Emma Lazarus
In the East immigrants were processed at
Castle Garden
, a former fort on Manhattan Island and, after 1892, at
Ellis Island
, in New York Harbor.
Asian immigrants processed on
Angel Island
in San Francisco Bay.
“We all trembled because of the strangeness and the confusion . . . Some were weak from no movement and exercise, and some were sick because of the smells and the unfresh air. But somehow this did not matter because now we knew it was almost over.”
-Bianca De Carli, immigrantSlide8
http://ellisisland.org/Slide9
ELLIS Island-European ImmigrantsSlide10
ANGEL Island-Asian ImmigrantsSlide11
We’re here!!! Now what???
Finding WorkAdjustingto America
Building
Communities
Preserving some of their own culture
Assimilate
-
become part of American culture
Challenge –
Finding
a job
Sweatshops
Most immigrants from rural areas.
Lacked money
to buy land…settled in industrial cities- worked as unskilled laborers.People of same ethnic group formed communities- Tried to recreate some of the life they left behind.Slide12
Nativist Movement
Some resented the immigrantsTensions among different ethnic, religious and racial differencesFeared immigrants would take away their jobs or drive their pay downSlide13
New Immigration Laws
Immigration Act of 1917
First law to limit immigration
Prohibited Chinese workers from entering the country for ten years
Literacy Requirement
Requiring that immigrants be able to read and write.
Chinese Exclusion ActSlide14
They
supplied workers for the country’s growing industries (needed for economic growth.)
They helped shape American life. Gave the country its
major religious groups:
Protestants, Catholics and Jews.
They
enriched American
societies
with the
customs, cultures, languages and literature of their homelands.
The new immigrants made many contributions to American life
:Slide15
Chapter 5 Section 2The Growth of CitiesSlide16
In 1870 –
1 in 4 Americans lived in cities with 2,500 or more people.
By 1910 –
nearly half
of the American population was living in cities
.
The United States was changing from a
rural
to an
urban
nation!
African-Americans
migrated to the cities.
To find jobs, escape debt, injustice or discrimination.
Immigrants played a major part in urban growth.
Industrialization
of America changed work on farms.
Machines made it easier to do work with less farmers. Women no longer had to make clothing and household items.
Native-born Americans
moved to the cities looking for jobs.Slide17
Building UP- Not out
New Designs
New Forms of Transportation
Building Bridges
Frederick Law Olmested, leader of “City Beautiful: designed New York’s Central Park.
1883 Brooklyn Bridge was build that- connected Brooklyn and Manhattan.
Trolley Cars
Lack of space
SkyscrapersSlide18
A NATION OF READERS
As educational opportunities grew, more Americans became interested in
reading
.
PUBLIC LIBRARIES
CHANGES IN LITERATURE
SPREADING THE NEWS
Andrew Carnegie
donated more than $30 million to fund over 2,000 libraries throughout the world.
Technological advances
in printing, paper making and communications made it possible to publish a daily newspaper for large numbers.
Joseph Pulitzer’s
The World
William Randolph Heart’s
Morning Journal (yellow journalism- sensational writing)
Edith Wharton
– joys and sorrows of
upper-class Easterners
Magazines
- Like Atlantic Monthly, Ladies’ Home Journal, Harper’s Magazine (
still published today
!)
Realism
Regionalism
Mark Twain
(realist and regionalist)
Adventures of Huckleberry Finn
Adventures of Tom SawyerSlide19
Chapter 5 Section 3
City LifeSlide20
People poured into the city faster than housing could be built to accommodate them.
In the biggest, most crowded cities, poorest residents – including most immigrants- lived in
tenements.
Buildings in which several families rented rooms (urban slums)
“We would so like to live in the front, but we can’t pay the rent . . . Why, they have the sun in there. When the door is opened the light comes right in your face.”
-Young immigrant from PolandSlide21
Cities in Crisis
“The gang is an institution in New York. The police deny its existence while nursing the bruises received in nightly battles with it . . . The gang is the ripe fruit of tenement-house growth. It was born there”
-Jacob Riis
Overcrowding
Sanitation Problems
Health Problems
Poverty
CrimeSlide22
Seeking Solutions
YMCA
Young Men’s Christian Association.
YWCA
Young Women’s Christian Association.
RELIGIOUS GROUPS THAT AIDED THE POOR.
(Offered recreation centers where city youngsters could meet and play.)
Settlement Houses
Located in poor neighborhoods, they provided medical care, playgrounds, nurseries and libraries, classes in English, music, arts and crafts.
Hull House
Founded by Jane Addams
“We were ready to perform the humblest neighborhood services. We were asked to wash the new-born babies, and to prepare the dead for burial, to nurse the sick and to mind the children.”
-J. Addams