Jenneys First Year Latin Lesson 18 Lesson 18 Vocabulary 3 rd Declension Adjectives Ablative of Accompaniment Lesson 18 Vocabulary acer acris acre fierce sharp celer celeris celere swift ID: 766137
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Jenney’s First Year LatinLesson 18 Lesson 18 Vocabulary 3 rd Declension Adjectives Ablative of Accompaniment
Lesson 18 Vocabulary
acer, acris, acre fierce, sharp
celer, celeris, celere swift
brevis, breve short
facilis, facile easy
fortis, forte brave
gravis, graveheavy, severe, serious
omnis, omne all, every
similis, simile like, similar
audāx, audācis daring, bold
potēns, potentis powerful
Brittanus, Brittana, Brittanum British
Gallus, Galla, Gallum Gallic
Trōiānus, Trōiāna, Trōiānum Trojan
3rd Declension Adjectives
Declension of Adjectivesjust like nouns belong to a declension, so do adjectives we have seen 1 st & 2 nd decl. adj. already (2-1-2), e.g.: magnus , magna, magnum miser, misera , miserum pulcher , pulchra, pulchrum adj. can also belong to the 3 rd declension
3rd Declension Adjectives there are THREE types of 3 rd declension adjectives : 3 Termination , e.g.: celer , celeris , celere – swift 2 Termination , e.g.: omnis , omne – all, every 1 Termination , e.g.: audāx , audācis – bold, daring the number of terminations indicates the number of different nominative forms of the adj.
3rd Declension Adjectives: Forming to decline 3 rd decl. adj., find the stem & add endings Finding the Stem : for 3 and 2 terminations, go to the nom. sg . fem. form and drop the ending (-is) for 1 termination, go to the gen. sg . form (2 nd form) and drop the ending (-is) in short, drop the –is from the form that has it in the dictionary entry and you’ll have your stem
3rd Declension Adjectives: Forming to decline 3 rd decl. adj., find the stem & add endings Adding the Endings : all 3 rd decl. adj. take 3 rd decl. i -stem endings all abl. sg . forms end in – ī , like neut. i -stems
3 Termination Adj. the dictionary entries of 3 rd decl. adj. of 3 terminations look like celer , celeris , celere : nom. sg . masc. ends in – er nom. sg . fem. ends in – is [find stem here!] nom. sg . neut. ends in – e e.g.: acer , acris , acre: fierce, sharp
Declining 3rd Decl. Adj. of 3 Terminations celer , celeris , celere MASCULINE FEMININE NEUTER Singular Nom. Gen. Dat. Acc. Abl. Plural Nom. Gen. Dat. Acc. Abl.
Declining 3rd Decl. Adj. of 3 Terminations celer , celeris , celere MASCULINE FEMININE NEUTER Singular Nom. celer celeris celere Gen. celeris celeris celeris Dat. celerī celerī celerī Acc. celerem celerem celere Abl. celer ī celer ī celerī Plural Nom. celerēs celerēs celeria Gen. celerium celerium celerium Dat. celeribus celeribus celeribus Acc. celerēs celerēs celeria Abl. celeribus celeribus celeribus
2 Termination Adj. the dictionary entries of 3 rd decl. adj. of 2 terminations look like facilis , facile : nom. sg . masc. & nom. sg . fem. end in – is nom. sg . neut. ends in – e e.g.: brevis , breve : short fortis , forte: brave masc. & fem. forms are the same for 2 term. adj.
Declining 3rd Decl. Adj. of 2 Terminations facilis , facile MASCULINE/FEMININE NEUTER Singular Nom. Gen. Dat. Acc. Abl. Plural Nom. Gen. Dat. Acc. Abl.
Declining 3rd Decl. Adj. of 2 Terminations facilis , facile MASCULINE/FEMININE NEUTER Singular Nom. facilis facile Gen. facilis facilis Dat. facilī facilī Acc. facilem facile Abl. facilī facilī Plural Nom. facilēs facilia Gen. facilium facilium Dat. facilibus facilibus Acc. facilēs facilia Abl. facilibus facilibus
1 Termination Adj. the dictionary entries of 3 rd decl. adj. of 1 termination look like potēns , potentis : nom. sg . masc. & nom. sg . fem. & nom. sg . neut. are all the same (but there is no one set ending) 2 nd form listed is the gen. sg . form ( b/c you cannot find the stem from any nominative form) e.g.: audāx , audācis : bold, daring masc. & fem. forms are the same for 1 term. adj.
Declining 3rd Decl. Adj. of 1 Termination potēns , potentis MASCULINE/FEMININE NEUTER Singular Nom. Gen. Dat. Acc. Abl. Plural Nom. Gen. Dat. Acc. Abl.
Declining 3rd Decl. Adj. of 1 Termination potēns , potentis MASCULINE/FEMININE NEUTER Singular Nom. potēns potēns Gen. potentis potentis Dat. potentī potentī Acc. potentem potēns Abl. potentī potentī Plural Nom. potentēs potentia Gen. potentium potentium Dat. potentibus potentibus Acc. potentēs potentia Abl. potentibus potentibus
Ablative of Accompaniment
Ablative of Accompaniment Latin expresses the idea of accompaniment with the preposition cum and a noun in the ablative case. this is generally a word denoting a person or group of people abl . of accompaniment = cum + abl. e.g. Puella cum matre ad urbem ambulat. Miser cum miserā in urbe est.
Cavēte! Ablatives w / “with/ cum ” there are several uses of the abl. that are translated with “ cum /with” – be careful not to confuse the abl. of means , manner , and accompaniment Mīlitēs oppidum cum sociīs oppugnāvērunt . Accompaniment : The soldiers attacked the town with the allies . Mīlitēs oppidum cum audāciā oppugnāvērunt . Manner : The soldiers attacked the town with boldness . Mīlitēs oppidum telīs oppugnāvērunt . Means : The soldiers attacked the town with weapons .