Two examples of network flow between cities in the US internet connectivity top and recorded business travel flow bottom Case Study Box 142 OBJECTIVES Demonstrate the distinctions between local national regional and world cities in the urban ID: 268768
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Slide1
Unit 14: Networks of Cities
Two examples of network flow between cities in the US: internet connectivity (top), and recorded business travel flow (bottom)
Case Study - Box 14.2Slide2
OBJECTIVES
Demonstrate the distinctions between local, national, regional and world cities in the urban hierarchy
Discuss how markets (and the range and threshold for goods) creates a network of cities
Explain the regional variations in the global network of cities and how it leads to distinctive regional urban geography
Examine national networks of primacy and rank-size distribution Slide3
First urban networks were periodic markets with travelling vendors
With more demand, traders could stay in one location and create fixed markets
Towns were distributed regularly to provide rural areas access to markets
Regional NetworksSlide4
A modern roadside market in Jamaica.
(Fig 14.1)Slide5
Periodic markets seek to either minimize travel for vendors by bringing them closer together (A), or maximize demand by spreading markets across space (B).
(Fig 14.2)Slide6
A fixed market in
Curaçao
. (Fig 14.3)Slide7
Range
: distance consumers are willing to travelThreshold: minimum population to support a particular business
Complementary region: area surrounding a city where that city dominates the sale of particular goods
Theory explained location of agricultural settlements, but the ideas of theory important of understanding relationship in urban networks
Central Place Theory
(Walter Christaller)Slide8
Market areas in central place systems.
(Fig 14.5)Slide9
The
Galpin
model demonstrates a regular distribution of towns surrounded by circular complementary regions, which may overlap. (Fig 14.4)Slide10
Rank Size distribution
(Zipf’s Law)
Regular distribution of big citiesIn large countries, like China, India, USA
Primate Distribution
Imbalanced distribution; focused on 1 city
Disproportionately large and important
3x the size of the next two biggest cities
Thailand: Bangkok produces almost half on the national GDP
Some imperial centers, some colonial hubs
National NetworksSlide11
Plotting US city population against expected values according to
Zipf’s
Law. (Fig 14.6)Slide12
Globalization and World Cities research network collected data on 100 global advanced producer service firms and identified a global urban hierarchy (Fig 14.8)
London and New York are atop all urban hierarchy schemes as global cities
New centers of metropolitan modernity are emerging in the Far EastDense networks of interpersonal contact and centers of important social capital are vital to international finance
Research shows global network based on flows—migration, capital and culture
Flows transform the systems
Global Urban NetworksSlide13
The global urban network according to GAWC.
www.lboro.ac.uk/gawc
/. (Fig 14.8)Slide14
CONCLUSION
Cities in the urban hierarchy can be differentiated into local, national, regional and world cities
Markets (and the range and threshold for goods) create a network of cities
R
egional variations in the global network of cities lead to distinctive regional urban geography
N
ational urban networks dominated by one city display primacy and countries with many large cities follow a rank-size distribution