ProfDr PK Tulsi Head Deptt O f Education amp Educational Management NITTTR Chandigarh Mager p 11 INSTRUCTIONAL OBJECTIVES Descriptive statements regarding what a student will be able to do at the end of a unit of instruction ID: 275063
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Slide1
Writing Instructional Objectives
Prof.(Dr) PK Tulsi
Head, Deptt.
O
f Education & Educational Management, NITTTR, ChandigarhSlide2
(
Mager
, p. 11)Slide3
INSTRUCTIONAL OBJECTIVES
Descriptive statements regarding what a student will be able to do at the end of a unit of instruction.
Examples
Define efficiency
Define programming
Compare diesel engine with petrol engine
Differentiate between deep and shallow foundation
Differentiate between stack and array
Identify the mistake in the programme written in C++
Design a staircase for three storey residential building
Design an engine for SUV of given specification Slide4
Characteristics of a good instructional objective
Stated in terms of student’s
behaviour
Specific- Action verb
Observable
Measurable
Realistic
Time framedSlide5
Domains of Objectives
Cognitive
Psychomotor
Affective Slide6
Domains of Instructional Objectives
Cognitive Domain-acquisition of information (Knowledge)
Psychomotor-development of skills (Skills)
Affective- development of attitudes, values etc.(Attitudes)Slide7
Bloom’s Revised Taxonomy
Taxonomy of Cognitive Objectives
1950s- developed by Benjamin Bloom
Means of expressing qualitatively different kinds of thinking
Adapted for classroom use as a planning tool
Continues to be one of the most universally applied models
Provides a way to
organize
thinking skills into six levels, from the most basic to the higher order levels of thinking
1990s-
Lorin
Anderson (former student of Bloom) revisited the taxonomy
As a result, a number of changes were made
(Pohl, 2000,
Learning to Think, Thinking to Learn, pp. 7-8
)Slide8
Original Terms New Terms
Evaluation
Synthesis
Analysis
Application
Comprehension
Knowledge
Creating
Evaluating
Analysing
Applying
Understanding
Remembering
(Based on Pohl, 2000,
Learning to Think, Thinking to Learn, p. 8
) Slide9
BLOOM
’
S REVISED TAXONOMY
Creating
Generating new ideas, products, or ways of viewing things
Designing, constructing, planning, producing, inventing
.
Evaluating
Justifying a decision or course of action
Checking, hypothesising, critiquing, experimenting, judging
Analysing
Breaking information into parts to explore understandings and relationships
Comparing, organising, deconstructing, interrogating, finding
Applying
Using information in another familiar situation
Implementing, carrying out, using, executing
Understanding
Explaining ideas or conceptsInterpreting, summarising, paraphrasing, classifying, explaining
RememberingRecalling informationRecognising, listing, describing, retrieving, naming, finding
Higher-order thinkingSlide10
Remembering
The
learner is able to recall, restate
and remember
learned information.
Rote memorization
Verbs: L
i
st
, Name, Enlist, State,
Define, Locate, Identify, Repeat
ReproduceSlide11
Understanding
The learner grasps the meaning of information by interpreting and translating what has been learned.
Interpreting
Exemplifying
Summarising
Inferring
Paraphrasing
Classifying
Comparing
Explaining
Can you explain ideas or concepts
?
Verbs: Explain, Give examples,
Interpret, Derive, Compare,
Classify, Differentiate, DistinguishSlide12
Applying
The
learner makes use of information in a context different from the one in which it was learned.
Implementing
Carrying out
Using
Executing
Can you use the information in another
familiar situation
?
Verbs: Apply, Compute, Calculate, Implement,
Translate
Manipulate, IllustrateSlide13
Analysing
The
learner breaks learned information into its parts to best understand that information.
Can
you break information into
parts
to explore understandings
and
relationships?
Verbs:
Analyze
, Locate , Find out, Explain,
Examine, Investigate, CriticizeSlide14
Evaluating
The learner makes decisions based on in-depth reflection, criticism and assessment.
Can you justify a decision
or
course of action
?
Verbs: Judge, Evaluate, Appraise,
Determine, Measure, Prioritize,
Justify, Argue, Defend, Conclude Slide15
Creating
The
learner creates new ideas and information using what has been previously learned.
Can you generate new products, ideas, or ways of viewing things
?
Verb: Design, Construct, Plan,
Write, Compose, Assemble,
Organize, Invent, Compile,
Devise, Prepare, Develop
Originate, GenerateSlide16
PSYCHOMOTOR DOMAIN
IMITATION
MANIPULATION
PRECISION
ARTICULATION
NATURALIZATIONSlide17
AFFECTIVE DOMAINSlide18
GRONLUND
’
S APPROACH
GENERAL OBJECTIVES
SPECIFIC OBJECTIVES
MAGER
’
S APPROACH
PERFORMANCE
CONDITIONS
STANDARDS OF PERFORMANCE/CRITERIASlide19
INSTRUCTIONAL
OBJECTIVES: INTRODUCTION TO SYSTEM
General Objectives
Understand the concept and types of system
Specific Objectives
Explain system
Differentiate between open and closed system
Differentiate between static and dynamic system
Give examples of open and closed system
Give examples of static and dynamic systemSlide20
DC Machines
Understand the construction and applications of DC machines
Specific
Label the parts of a DC machine
Explain the function of various parts of DC machine
Write winding scheme for the armature winding
Explain the characteristics of different types of DC machine
Explain methods for speed control of DC machine
Slide21
Explain the effect of armature reaction in a DC machineDefine commutation
Describe methods for determining efficiency of a DC without actual loading of the machine
List the maintenance task of a DC machineSlide22
Multi stage Amplifiers
Understand the concept and uses of Multi stage Amplifier
Explain multi stage amplifier
Enlist various types of multi stage amplifier (RC coupled, transformer coupled; direct coupled)
Differentiate among various types of multi stage amplifier
Explain gain of multi stage amplifier
State the uses of multi stage amplifier Slide23
Data Communication and Computer Network
Understand Data Communications System and its components
understand basic computer network technology
Specific
Enlist the basic elements of data communication
Differentiate among three data transmission modes (Simplex, half Duplex, Full duplex)
Explain three different types of data transmission speedsSlide24
State advantages and disadvantages of various types of transmission mediaDistinguish between synchronous and asynchronous transmission
Compare the relative advantages and disadvantages of digital and analog transmission------------Slide25
Examples of instructional objectives in psychomotor domain
Verify Bernoulli's
equation
Verify
of Ohm
’
s Law
3.
Determine friction
loss in flow through pipe
Calibrate
of orifice meter and calculation of Cd,
Cv
,
Ce
5. Calibrate
of
Venturi
meterDetermine of discharge coefficient of V-notchOperate lathe machineDrill a hole in the wallMake a lap jointSlide26
Determine the shape of the electric field around charge configurations on a
piece of
conductive
paper
Explore
Computer Setup
1. Plug the PASPORT USB Link Interface into the computer’s USB port.
2. Plug the Voltage/Current Sensor into the USB interface. This will
automatically launch the
PASPortal
window.
3. Choose the appropriate
DataStudio
configuration file entitledSlide27
Equipment Setup1. Use a conductive ink pen to draw two "
point charges
" on a piece of conductive paper. See
Note
: Place the conductive paper,
printed side
up, on a smooth hard
surface whenever
you use the conductive ink pen.
2. Let the ink dry on the paper and then
attach the
paper to a corkboard using the
metal
pushpins
.
3. Make sure the power supply is "off". Use a pushpin and wire to connect one point charge to
the negative terminal of a DC power supply. Connect the other point charge to the positive terminal.
4. Use a pencil to label the two point charges as "-"(negative) and "+" (positive).5. Tape together the ends of the voltage leads of the Voltage/Current Sensor so that the two tips are a fixed distance apart. Slide28
6. Use the pencil to draw several arrows pointing away
from the "-" (negative) charge as shown.
(Make the arrows as long as the distance
between the
tips of the voltage leads.
)
1. Turn on the power supply and adjust
the
voltage
to 10
volts
.
2. Hold the voltage leads at an angle so the
tip of
the black voltage lead touches the conductive paper at the point of an arrowand the tip of the red voltage lead does not quite touch the
paperNote: Touch the tip of the voltage leads only on the solid black
areas of the paper conductive. Do not touch the grid marks orlines on the paper.3. In DataStudio on the Experiment menu, click MonitorData.4. Tilt the voltage leads upright so both tips touch the conductive paper. Check the voltage in the
Digitsdisplay in DataStudiSlide29
Examples of Instructional objectives in A
ffective Domain
Obey rules
Observe safety precautions
Attend classes regularly
Maintain punctuality
Cooperates with others
Exhibit honesty
Respect othersSlide30
Benefits of writing instructional objectives
Monitor
progress
Help in organizing study material/taking notes
Alert students to what is expected of them Expectations are very clearly defined
Serve
as a basis for the selection of instructional
methods, media
and materials
Determine
the appropriate ways to evaluate the learningSlide31
Thank youSlide32
Generalized Treatment of Electrical Machines
Explain the need for electromechanical energy conversion
Differentiate between motor and generator
Explain basic principles of generating and motoring action
Define/ Explain torque
Explain the significance of torque angle
State the working principle of electrical rotating machinesSlide33
DC Machines
Label the parts of a DC machine
Explain the function of various parts of DC machine
Write winding scheme for the armature winding
Explain the characteristics of different types of DC machine
Explain methods for speed control of DC machine
Explain the effect of armature reaction in a DC machine
Define commutation
Describe methods for determining efficiency of a DC without actual loading of the machine
List the maintenance task of a DC machine
Slide34
Data Communication and Computer Network
Enlist the basic elements of data communication
Differentiate among three data transmission modes (Simplex, Half Duplex, Full duplex)
Explain three different types of data transmission speeds
State advantages and disadvantages of various types of transmission media
Distinguish between synchronous and asynchronous transmission
Compare the relative advantages and disadvantages of digital and analog transmission------------Slide35
Planning the Computer Programme
Explain the purposes of a computer programme
Define an algorithm
State the characteristics of instructions in algorithm
Explain flowcharts with suitable examples
Label symbols for flowcharts
State the rules for creating flowcharts
State/enlist advantages and disadvantages of flowcharts
Describe the steps to be followed in constructing decision tables
Explain the basic logic structure of a pseudo code