PPT-Mechanism of Deletion & Insertion, Transposable Elements & Chromosome Mutations.

P3 Classes VIII MSc IV Semester Dr Hifzur R Siddique Section of Genetics Department of Zoology ALIGARH MUSLIM UNIVERSITY 1 Mechanism Of Deletion And Insertion A type of mutation where there is the gain or loss of one or a few bases These mutations are called . What Are Mutations?. Mutation: . Changes . in the nucleotide sequence of . DNA. Mutagen: . A physical or chemical agent that changes DNA. Mutation May . occur . in:. somatic cells (body cells): . will not be . Bases:. A, T, C, G. Codons:. Genes:. Chromosome:. DNA. Words. Chapters. Book. Not passed on to offspring. Can be passed on to offspring. M. ito. sis. M. eio. sis. Mutations. in Cell Division. A single gene. The fat cat ate the wee rat. ???. Mutation. Mutation. – a change in DNA that may or may not result in a change in the protein. Mutations may be beneficial (good) or harmful (bad).. Point Mutation. What happens if there is a mistake (. mutation. ). in the DNA code?. Possibly proteins won’t be made or are made improperly.. If the mutations occur in the gametes, the offspring’s DNA will be affected positively, negatively, or neutrally.. http://io9.gizmodo.com/10-unusual-genetic-mutations-in-humans-470843733. Unharmful. Mutations. Mila . Kunis. has complete . heterochromia. . Kate Bosworth has . sectoral. . heterochromia. . Angelina Jolie has central . SAT VOCABULARY TWO So now we are going to study how DNA can mutate and cause genes to change. People who are deaf cannot hear and their deafness can be genetic. If someone is deaf, no sounds are ________. Transposable Elements (TEs). “Jumping genes”. Sequences of DNA that “jump” from one genome location to another. Discovered in 1940s by maize geneticist Barbara McClintock. Initially dismissed as “junk DNA”. Given a mutation, identify its type. Predict how a mutation will affect a protein.. Mutations. Changes in genetic material (DNA). 2 main types of mutations. Point mutation- change in one or a few nucleotides (letters). . Upadhyay. Graduate student in Biology, Memorial University. PhD.  in botany from Cornell University in . 1927. Leader . in the . development of.  maize . cytogenetics. She developed the technique for visualizing maize chromosomes and used microscopic analysis to demonstrate many fundamental genetic ideas. . What if it’s NOT just the number?. Gene Mutations. Damaged Chromosomes . –. sometimes a portion of a gene or chromosome is lost or damaged during meiosis. Gene mutation. – a mutation that affects the gene. Transposable elements . Mobile genetic elements . are segments of DNA able to move . from site to site in the genome. , . or. . between. . genomes in the same cell. . . Found in both prokaryotes and eukaryotes. KEY CONCEPT:. . Mutations. are changes in genetic material.. VOCABULARY:. Mutation, point mutation, . frameshift. mutation, polyploidy. Mutations – extension from gene expression. . Changes in genotype. Typically occur during meiosis (gamete formation) but can also occur during mitosis. Can lead to cancer some cases. We will look at: Translocation, Deletion, Duplication and Inversion. Few harmful gene mutations are passed on to the next generation because the zygote usually dies. If it lives, the offspring may have birth defects.. Is a natural process that changes a DNA sequence.. Mutant or Mutation – to describe something undesirable or broken.. Rarely cause death or disease. Generates new variations that can give an individual a survival advantage..