PPT-Mechanism of Deletion & Insertion, Transposable Elements & Chromosome Mutations.

P3 Classes VIII MSc IV Semester Dr Hifzur R Siddique Section of Genetics Department of Zoology ALIGARH MUSLIM UNIVERSITY 1 Mechanism Of Deletion And Insertion A type of mutation where there is the gain or loss of one or a few bases These mutations are called . What Are Mutations?. Mutation: . Changes . in the nucleotide sequence of . DNA. Mutagen: . A physical or chemical agent that changes DNA. Mutation May . occur . in:. somatic cells (body cells): . will not be . Mutations. Any unpredictable change in the structure or amount of DNA of an organism is called a . mutation. . . Most . mutations occur in . somatic (body) cells. and are not passed from one generation to the next. . Mutations are changes in the genetic material. . Mutations may be genetic mutations or chromosomal mutations.. Genetic Mutations occur in the “code” on DNA or mRNA. Mistakes in . copying the DNA :. did Cyclops from the X-Men get his . superpowers. ?. He was born with the mutation. How did the Hulk and Spiderman get their . superpowers. ?. The Hulk was exposed to . g. amma radiation and Spiderman was bitten by a radioactive spider . http://io9.gizmodo.com/10-unusual-genetic-mutations-in-humans-470843733. Unharmful. Mutations. Mila . Kunis. has complete . heterochromia. . Kate Bosworth has . sectoral. . heterochromia. . Angelina Jolie has central . Henry County Professional Learning High School Session II. Chromosomal Mutations. Deletion. – part of the chromosome is missing. Starts with breaks in the chromosome. Radiation, heat, viruses, chemicals, etc.. SAT VOCABULARY TWO So now we are going to study how DNA can mutate and cause genes to change. People who are deaf cannot hear and their deafness can be genetic. If someone is deaf, no sounds are ________. Transposable Elements (TEs). “Jumping genes”. Sequences of DNA that “jump” from one genome location to another. Discovered in 1940s by maize geneticist Barbara McClintock. Initially dismissed as “junk DNA”. Point mutations. single base change . silent mutation. no amino acid change. redundancy in code. missense. change amino acid. Changes the final protien. nonsense. change to stop codon. Stopping prematurely . What if it’s NOT just the number?. Gene Mutations. Damaged Chromosomes . –. sometimes a portion of a gene or chromosome is lost or damaged during meiosis. Gene mutation. – a mutation that affects the gene. Transposable elements . Mobile genetic elements . are segments of DNA able to move . from site to site in the genome. , . or. . between. . genomes in the same cell. . . Found in both prokaryotes and eukaryotes. MISTAKES IN DNA. A MISTAKE CAN BE:. 1. A point mutation – substitution, addition, or removal of a single DNA base.. 2. A . frameshift. mutation – . a point mutation due to an addition . or deletion of a DNA base that causes a major change in the genetic code.. Learning Goal . Identify the type of change in DNA for a point mutation, a deletion mutation, and an insertion mutation. . Genetic Mutation. A. . mutation. is a change in the nucleotide sequence of DNA.. mutation. Mutations. Actual Mutations . in fruit flies. What is a mutation?. A mutation is any change in a cell’s DNA. A mutation can occur in an individual gene. - results in a single changed protein.