THE OPHTHALMOSCOPE DIRECT OPHTHALMOSCOPYJan Purkinje 1823Hermann von Helmholtz 1851Hand held ophthalmoscopeDirect upright image Dials of the Ophthalmoscope REDFREE FILTER GREEN LIGHT 450 nm monochro ID: 949778
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Using the Ophthalmoscope: Viewing the Optic Disc and RetinaJudith Warn
er, MDUniversity of Utah THE OPHTHALMOSCOPE DIRECT OPHTHALMOSCOPYJan P
urkinje 1823Hermann von Helmholtz 1851Hand held ophthalmoscopeDirect u
pright image Dials of the Ophthalmoscope REDFREE FILTER (GREEN LIGHT)
450 nm monochromatic lightnerve fiber layeroptic nerve drusen OTHER DI
ALSUsed for measuring lesion sizeLooking for the center of fixation OT
HER DIALS: SLIT BEAM The wheel has lenses of power Panopticophthalmosc
ope Direct typeWider field of viewDistance from pt greaterSimilar aper
turesNot as easy to carrySlightly dimmer light sourceNot as magnified
view ofDiscClean the rubber cup between patientsPhotographs: http://pa
noptic.welchallyn.com/faq.html WHEN EVER POSSIBLE: DILATE THE PATI
ENT Steps to Direct OphthalmoscopyDimly lit roomDilating dropsPatient
fixates distant targetAlign yourselfRed reflexDial in HOW TO USE THE D
IRECT Ophthalmoscope.avi ophthalmoscope.wmv THE RED REFLEX The layers
you will go through to see the optic disc THE OPTIC NERVE WHAT YOU SHO
ULD OBSERVE IN EVERYONE RIGHT EYE AND LEFT EYE THE NORMAL DISCThe disc
is 1.62 mm or 1 million fibersCentral retinal artery and veinLamina C
ribrosaThe optic cup The Normal Disc Appearance The lamina cribrosa is
an important disc structureMeans SieveAnatomically present in all dis
csVisible in about 1/3Shallow in myopia Look at the Cupdisc ratio: WHA
T IS THE CUPDISC RATIO? NO CUP 0.3 CUP 0.1 CUP 0.7 CUP0.9 CUP What is
the cup to disc ratio? 0.60.3 The color of the retinais determined by
the choroid and RPEand the amount of melanin individuals haveTHE COLO
ROF THE RETINA VIEW THE MACULA VASCULAR SUPPLY TO THE GLOBE AND DISC T
WO MAJOR SOURCES byway of the ophthalmic artery+Posterior Ciliary arte
riesCentral retinal artery BLOOD SUPPLY TO THE DISC is from the poste
rior ciliary arteriesThe posterior ciliary arteries supply the disc, t
he choroid and the retinal pigment epithelium CILIORETINAL ARTERYPres
ent in about 32% of peopleEnters separate from the CRAIsolated occlusi
on = Temporal arteritisSpared in CRAO A TOUR OF THE FUNDUS AND VENOUS
PULSATIONS Spontaneous_Venous_Pulse.wmv Spontaneous_Venous_Pulse.avi