failure of the heart to pump blood adequately Cardiac failure is manifested by two ways 1 CO 2 CO ID: 1047536
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1. Cardiac Failure
2. Cardiac failure failure of the heart to pump blood adequatelyCardiac failure is manifested by two ways--- 1) C.O. 2) C.O. or By an increase in either left or right atrial pressure (C.O. is normal)Cardiac failure may be classified as – Unilateral Cardiac failure Bilateral Cardiac failure
3. UNILATARAL CARDIAC FAILUREFailure of any one side of the heartCan result from coronary thrombosis in one of the ventriclesFailure in left side due to myocardial infarction is very commonFailure in right side due to pulmonary stenosis
4. BILATARAL CARDIAC FAILUREFailure of both side of the heartOne side of the heart becomes weakened causes opposite side also to fail Example : Left sided failure Left ventricular pressure considerable back pressure in pulmonary system pulmonary atrial pressure combined failure of both ventricle .
5. ACUTE EFFECTS OF CARDIAC FAILURE When heart is severely damaged pumping ability is immediately effects are (1) C.O. (2) systemic venous pressure Circulatory reflexes come into play within few seconds. Sympathetic system become stimulated Parasympathetic become inhibited.
6. CARDIAC FAILURE IN HYPERTENSION Hypertension common cause of chronic heart failure Older people heart muscle become weakened Extreme hypertension develop heart failure & kidney failureDeath follows because inability of heart to cope with extra fluid and extra workload.
7. Treatment : Treatment of hypertension By giving diuretic to eliminate large amount of fluid by the kidney. By giving converting enzyme inhibitor block rennin –angiotensin By giving vasodilator dilates peripheral blood vessels. Combination therapy.
8. Deterioration of heart in chronic failure : Heart failure damage to the myocardial by vicious cycle Chronic heart failure Peripheral blood flow Coronary blood flow Heart become week Subendocardial tissue damage Replaced by fibrous tissue