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Is  there anything quantum in biology and if so, is it important? (The biological perspective) Is  there anything quantum in biology and if so, is it important? (The biological perspective)

Is there anything quantum in biology and if so, is it important? (The biological perspective) - PowerPoint Presentation

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Is there anything quantum in biology and if so, is it important? (The biological perspective) - PPT Presentation

Nir Keren Institute of Life Sciences The Hebrew University Jerusalem 211216 What is life Life is a characteristic distinguishing physical entities having biological processes such as signaling and selfsustaining processes from those that do not either because such functi ID: 801003

effects quantum phycobilisomes huji quantum effects huji phycobilisomes pdb heme biological life eyal chlorophylls apc bar 2013 phase systems

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Slide1

Is there anything quantum in biology and if so, is it important? (The biological perspective)

Nir

Keren

Institute

of Life

Sciences

,

The Hebrew University,

Jerusalem, 21.12.16

Slide2

What is life?Life is a characteristic distinguishing physical entities having biological processes, such as signaling and self-sustaining processes, from those that do not, either because such functions have ceased, or because they never had such functions and are classified as inanimate.

A current definition of

life

is that organisms maintain homeostasis, are composed of cells, undergo metabolism, can grow, adapt to their environment, respond to stimuli, and reproduce.

Slide3

Fig. 1 Biological systems are organised in hierarchical structures. The continuous refinement of experimental tools permits the investigation of ever finer detail giving rise to the discovery of novel phenomena. At a certain level we expect quantum physical properties to become relevant. Whether nature has evolved to enhance them to take benefit from them (quantum enhanced efficiency) or to suppress them to avoid their detrimental effects (quantum noise) represents one of interesting open question at the heart of quantum biology. (Figure courtesy of Alipasha Vaziri.)

Published in: S.F. Huelga; M.B. Plenio;

Contemporary Physics

 

2013,

54, 181-207.

DOI: 10.1080/00405000.2013.829687

Copyright © 2012 Taylor & Francis

Slide4

Fig. 2 Cartoon illustrating the broad line of argument in this article: following the identification of general questions, we will argue that biological systems use protein structure to adjust the properties of transport or sensory networks and, at the same time, those of the environment of these networks. Mutual tuning of these structures through evolutionary adaptation may achieve optimal performance which in turn can be explained from generalisable design principles. These design principles can lead to the formulation of novel structures and experiments to amplify and verify quantum effects. The accurate description of the interplay of structured environments and quantum dynamics especially in the non-perturbative regime requires the development of novel theoretical methods. These concepts will be discussed and shown to apply to the current three examples of quantum effects in biology, photosynthesis, avian magneto-reception and olfaction. It is the hope that these examples will be joined by many others and lead to the emergence of a new research branch, quantum biology.

Published in: S.F. Huelga; M.B. Plenio;

Contemporary Physics

 

2013,

54, 181-207.

DOI: 10.1080/00405000.2013.829687

Copyright © 2012 Taylor & Francis

Slide5

Pyruvate (3C)

Slide6

Energy in biological systems

Slide7

Energy in biological systems

Photosynthesis

Slide8

Joseph Priestley

Experiments and Observations on Different Kinds of Air

(1774–86)

Slide9

Slide10

Plants

Cyanobacteria

10

Photosynthesis takes place in chloroplasts.

Light

harvesting and electron transfer reactions

take place in the thylakoid membrane system of cyanobacteria and plant chloroplasts.Light independent reaction take place in the cytosol.

Slide11

Slide12

LHCII

LHCII

12

Slide13

13

Plants

Cyanobacteria

Slide14

650 kDa dimer:19 proteins36 Chlorophylls7 Carotenoids 1 Non heme iron2 Heme

2 Quinones

2 Pheophytines

4 Manganese

1 Calcium1 Chloride

Slide15

~ 20 protein subunits per monomer. At least 99 cofactors: 35 chlorophyll a, 12 beta-carotene

,

two

pheophytin

, two plastoquinonetwo heme, one non heme Fe

2+

one bicarbonate20 lipidsThe Mn4CaO5 cluster7-8 bacteriochlorophylls Per monomer.

Slide16

~ 20 protein subunits per monomer.

At least

99 cofactors:

35

chlorophyll

a

, 12 beta-carotene,two pheophytin, two plastoquinonetwo heme, one non heme Fe2+one bicarbonate20 lipidsThe Mn4CaO5 clusterImage from PDB website

Slide17

70 Chlorophylls

Image from PDB website

Slide18

98 Chlorophylls

Image from PDB website

Slide19

126 Chlorophylls

Slide20

182 Chlorophylls

Slide21

602 Chlorophylls

Slide22

Yossi

Slide23

Thermodynamic efficiency175 kJ per quantum mole photons at 680 nm9-10 photons required to fix one CO2A total of 8400 kJ for one 6 carbon sugarBurning one 6 carbon sugar yields 2804 kJThe maximum

overall thermodynamic efficiency of photosynthesis is ~33%.

23

Slide24

% Quantum efficiency

Reaction coordinates

EET to the RC 80%

Fixation into organic matter 30%

Slide25

Slide26

Slide27

Ohad et al. 2010

Maximum

efficiency

Maximum

waste

Slide28

Nir Keren (Life

sceinces

, HUJI) Leeat Bar Eyal

Yossi Paltiel (Applied physics, HUJI) Ido Eisenberg, Eyal Cohen

Herbert

van Amerongen

(Wageningen University) Yashar Ranjbar

Slide29

APC

hexamer

PDB: 2VJT

PC

hexamer

PDB: 1I7Y

PhycocyaninAllophycocyanin5nm

Slide30

Bar Eyal et al. BBA 2015

Slide31

Slide32

Slide33

Slide34

Effects

on

Phycobilisomes

Bar Eyal et al. BBA 2015

Hydrated

Slide35

Effects

on

Phycobilisomes

Hydrated

Desiccated

Slide36

Effects

on

Phycobilisomes

More on

in vivo

streak camera measurements of cyanobacteria:

Chukhutsina

et al. Sci. Rep. 2015

Slide37

Effects

on

Phycobilisomes

excitation equilibration.

WET 4.9

ps

DRY 3.6 psPC hexamerPDB: 1I7Y

Phycocyanin5nm

Slide38

Effects

on

Phycobilisomes

EET in PC and/or EET to

APC

660

APC hexamerPDB: 2VJTPC hexamer

PDB: 1I7YPhycocyaninAllophycocyanin5nmWET 33 psDRY 17 ps

Slide39

Effects

on

Phycobilisomes

EET to APC

680

and ChlorophyllsWET 114 psDRY 64

ps

Slide40

Effects

on

Phycobilisomes

Decay of

APC

660

APC680 and ChlorophyllsWET 306 psDRY 234 ps

Slide41

The Eisenberg hypothesis

Energy

Wet phase

Dry phase

β

84

β

155α84

β

84

β

155

α

84

Energy band

Suggested model

Wet to dry transition

Luminescence red shift

Absorbance broadening

Life-time shortening

β155

at wet phase is antenna and quencher at dry phase

Acknowledgements:

Prof.

Yossi

Paltiel

,

HUJI

Dr.

Shira

Yochelis

, HUJI

Prof.

Nir

Keren

, HUJI

Leeat

Bar-

Eyal

,

HUJI

Prof. Noam

Adir

,

Technion

Dvir

Harris,

Technion

Dr. Yael Levi-

Kalisman

, HUJI

Prof. Martin

Plenio

,

Ulm

Dr. Felipe

Caycedo-Soler

,

Ulm