PDF-UnitIII Enzymes

Regulation of enzymes Introduction andProperties of Enzymes Enzymes are characteristics to facilitate the Enzymecatalyzed reactions take place Reactants need to pass over the energy barrier Catalys. Presented by Fotios Patsalis . Bio . 446/546 FALL 2016. M/F 13.00-15.50h,. Castetter. . Hall 37. Restriction Enzymes: Molecular Scissors. Restriction enzymes (. endonuleases. ) are specific endonucleases which . Enzymes speed up chemical reactions.. Everything that happens in a cell. Growth. Reproduction. Interaction with the environment. Response to stimuli. Is the result of a chemical reaction.. A chemical reaction is a change in the arrangement. IMPORTANCE. OF ENZYMES. Enzymes are biological catalysts that:. . I. ncrease. . reaction rates . by lowering the amount of energy needed for the reaction to occur. 100-1000x . faster. !!!. Activation Energy. 1. What are enzymes?. Each enzyme has only one specific reaction it can perform. . 2. How many different reactions can a single enzyme perform?. Yes, the same enzyme molecule can be used over and over. protein. !. Enzymes are . Biological . catalysts . that . increase. . the rate of metabolic reactions.. Since enzymes speed up chemical reaction rates, what are they called?. Catalyst- . A substance . Part 1. . Chapter 3. Learning outcomes. You should be able to:. explain how enzymes work. describe and explain the factors that affect. enzyme activity. use V. max. and K. m. to compare the affinity of different enzymes for their substrates. Enzyme & Substrate. An enzyme is a globular protein which acts as a biological catalyst by speeding up the rate of chemical reactions. . Enzymes are . NOT. changed or consumed by the reactions they catalyze and thus can be reused. . Anabolism vs Catabolism. What is necessary for a chemical reaction to begin?. Reactant(s) must come together in the right orientation. With enough energy. So ho do enzymes catalyze this process?. Lowers activation energy. Restriction enzymes. Polymerase enzyme. Strand-displacing polymerases. Helicase enzymes. Discovery and Obtainability:. Most enzymes are proteins discovered in cells.. But . DNAzymes. were . descovered. : An enzymes that breaks down nucleic acid molecule by breaking the phosphodiester bonds at end 3. / . or 5. /.. Endonucleases. : . An Enzyme that hydrolyzes internal phosphodiester bonds in a polynucleotide chain or nucleic acid molecules.. Enzymes. Back when we discussed proteins, we learned that one critical function of protein was to speed up chemical reactions.. Enzymes. are the proteins that increase the rate of chemical reactions. Factors affecting enzymatic reactions. Enzymes specificity. Enzymes kinetics and mechanism of action. Control of metabolic pathways. Enzymes inhibition. Enzymes in clinical diagnosis. Enzymes and genetic diseases. Presented . by. Ms. . P. . . H. . Giri. Department of Microbiology. Deogiri . College, Aurangabad. B.Sc. T. Y. . Semester VI. Paper No. XIX. Recombinant DNA Technology. Ms. . Priyanka. H. . Giri. DNA manipulating enzymes:. that . catalyze. (. i.e.. , . increase or decrease the rates. of) . chemical reactions. .. . In enzymatic reactions, the . molecules. at the beginning of the process are called . substrates. , and they are converted into different molecules, called the .