Parts 1 amp 2 AampA pages 100116 Objective To be able to safely and efficiently operate an anesthetic machine and trouble shoot any problems that may arise Purpose of the Anesthetic Machine ID: 908817
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Slide1
Parts of the Anesthetic Machine Parts 1 & 2: A&A pages 100-116
Objective: To be able to safely and
efficiently operate an anesthetic
machine, and trouble shoot any
problems that may arise.
Slide2Purpose of the Anesthetic MachineA __________ inhalant anesthetic is _____________ into a carrier gas, and precisely delivered to the patient via a breathing circuit.
1. Maintains general _________________.
Inhalant
anesthetic is
delivered at a precise rate
Expressed as a ___________________
Carrier gas is delivered at a controlled rate
Measured in _________ _____ __________
2. Used to deliver pure oxygen
Good for during recovery or in an emergency
Slide3Parts of the Anesthetic MachineCompressed gas supply
Anesthetic vaporizer
B
reathing system
4.
Scavenging System
Slide4PART 1: Compressed Gas SupplyCompressed gas cylinder/tankTank pressure gaugePressure reducing valveLine pressure gauge
Flow meter
Oxygen flush valve
Slide5Compressed Gas CylindersMost commonly used carrier gas is ___________
.
It comes c
ompressed in a metal cylinder and held under pressure- up to _______ psi
!
Tanks are delivered and
picked
up
by the oxygen supplycompany as needed
Slide6Compressed Gas CylindersAvailable in various sizes:
E
tanks/cylinders, attach to the anesthetic machine via a
________
.
Slide7Compressed Gas CylindersH tanks/cylinders can hook up to anesthesia machines directlyBut they are usually stored in a central gas supply room
Slide8Compressed Gas CylindersTanks are color coded for safety and recognitionOxygen tanks:
___________
Nitrous oxide
tanks:
_________
Carbon dioxide
tanks:
________
*not used for anesthesia
Slide9Gas Cylinders- SafetyYokes are gas-specific
Ex. The valve on the oxygen tank matches the ______ _______________ on a yoke that is specific to oxygen
An oxygen yoke has two pins below the outlet port
Slide10Gas Cylinders- SafetyCombustible gases- avoid flames and sparks!Tanks must be stored in a secure locationIf dropped, has the potential to act as a
torpedo
Never leave a cylinder unattended!
Slide11Tank Pressure GaugeDisplays the pressure of gas currently
in the tank.
Measures in ________.
Displays a reading once the tank is opened.
To open tank: use built in lever OR use the _______
Only open once tank has been connected to a yoke!
OR
Your tank should be opened first thing in the morning so it is ready to go!
Slide12Tank Pressure Gauge
Slide13Tank Pressure Gauge ReadingsGauge reads the current PSI when the tank is open
Gauge STILL reads
the current PSI
when the tank is then closed
Gauge reads zero when the tank has been closed and the lines have been
flushed
**Ensure the gas cylinder has oxygen BEFORE starting every
anesthetic
procedure
**
Slide14When Should You Change the Tank?Refill line is at 500 psi
VTI rule:
Math can help you to estimate when your tank will become empty!
Slide15Figuring Out the Amount of Time Left in the TankCalculate how many liters of oxygen you have.Multiply the pressure (psi) by a magic number:
____ for E tanks and _____ for H tanks
Example:
Slide16Pressure Reducing Valve aka Pressure Regulator
Regulates the pressure of the gas leaving the tank
Reduces
the pressure of oxygen
from 2200
psi to a
safer _________ psi.
Can be measured with a _____________________
Know what line we are measuring the pressure in
Slide17Flow Meter1. Allows the _______ _______ of
oxygen traveling through the machine to be adjusted by the
anesthetist.
*Measured
in
____________________
Ball rises in height, proportional to gas
flow
Read at the center of the ball
Oxygen does not start flowing to the patient unless this is turned on!
What can you set the flow meter to?
Slide18Flow Meter2. Reduces the psi AGAIN: to ____________.
BE GENTLE WITH THE KNOB, DO NOT OVER-TIGHTEN!
Slide19Oxygen Flow RatesBased on how we are supplying the gas:
Mask induction: _______ L/min
Induction chamber: _____ L/min
*NOTE: The anesthetic agent will be set to the maximum amount any time you are inducing anesthesia with an inhalant!
Maintenance through an endotracheal tube:
___________________________________
Slide20Amount of Time Left in the Tank (cont.)We already figured out the # of liters of oxygen in the tank from Step 1 in the previous example.
Step 2. Divide
that amount by the flow rate you’re using:
Ex: What if we change the flow rate?
Slide21PRACTICE: Calculate Time of Tank Use LeftEx: If you have a full E tank (2200 psi) and a flow rate of 2 L/min:
Ex: If you have a full H tank
(2200 psi) and
a flow rate of
1.5
L/min:
Slide22Oxygen Flush ValveRapidly delivers pure,100% oxygen at a
high
, variable flow rate of ___________ and a pressure of _____________.
Pure O
2
because:
High pressure/rate because:
*O
2
goes directly from pressure reducing valve breathing system lungsIdeally, should not be depressed while
connected to the patient
Slide23Oxygen Flush ValveSeems dangerous…when would we ever use this?
1. To ___________ anesthetic
in
circuit
If using connected to the patient, watch the manometer!
Slide24Oxygen Flush ValveWhat is a better alternative to pressing this button?
Slide25PART 2: Anesthetic Vaporizer The next stop as oxygen travels from the flow meter
Vaporizer inlet port
Dial
Safety lock
Indicator window
Fill port
Vaporizer outlet port
Slide26VaporizerCarrier gas enters through the vaporizer
_______ _____
Converts the liquid anesthetic agent into a vapor
Adds a controlled amount of these vapors to the carrier gas, making
_______
________.
The
vaporizer must be on to deliver any inhalant anesthetics to the patient Must press down on ________ _______ to turn dial onWhat about to turn off?
*
The flow meter must be on to supply the oxygen!
Slide27VaporizerShould be full before beginning any anesthetic procedure.Amount of anesthetic liquid in the vaporizer is visible in the _____________ _____________.
Only fill to the bottom of the “FULL” letters
1. Make sure vaporizer is OFF
2. Unscrew cap of fill port and pour liquid in, watching the indicator window THE ENTIRE TIME
3. Replace cap immediately
DO NOT OVER FILL
Slide28VaporizerUse the correct anesthetic for the vaporizer! (
Isoflurane
vs
.
Sevoflurane
)
Matching anti-spill devices
Do not throw away!!
Slide29Vaporizer SafetyIf the vaporizer is tipped over (usually the whole machine),
shaken, OR
overfilled
:
Lethal doses of inhalant are spilled into outlet port hoses
Ensure vaporizer is off
and
_________ anesthetic agent
Run
oxygen only through the machine for ____________ to flush it out.Must be done in a well ventilated area, away from personnel
Should be done before transporting machine!
Slide30Flow of Carrier Gas through Vaporizer
Slide31Vaporizer
Fresh gas leaves through the
vaporizer_______ port
The outlet port either leads to a free hanging hose, OR a hose which goes into the machine and comes out the front
OR
Common/Fresh Gas Outlet
Slide32Precision Vaporizer
Deliver a __________, ___________ amount of anesthetic drug to the patient
Expressed as a ____________ which is chosen based on the:
Anesthetic agent
AND
P
atient’s requirement
Use the dial to set the amount of drug you want the
animal to receive
Slide33Old School Vaporizers Non-precision vaporizers are simple, cheaper, and are typically used for inhalant anesthetics with _____________________________.
Non-precision vaporizers are located
within the breathing circuit
Gas flows from the flow meter into the breathing tubes, which contain the vaporizer.
*They are no
longer used
;
we will focus on precision vaporizers.
Slide34Non-precision Vaporizer
Slide35Non-precision VaporizersOutside factors can affect the concentration of anesthetic delivered
_____________ changes
I
nhalant anesthetics
vaporize more rapidly at high
temperatures
hot environment = higher anesthetic output
Slide36Non-precision Vaporizers2. Flow rate and respiratory rate of patient effect the amount of anesthetic drug delivered
3. Increased pressure in the circuit exerts
pressure on the vaporizer outlet
port