nd Edition Caryophyllales coiled embryos Rumex Noncore Caryophyllales Polygonaceae knotweed family 461200 north temperate ocrea stipular sheath at base of petiole in most species most ID: 651315
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Slide1
Eudicots
Chapter 8Simpson, 2nd EditionSlide2
Caryophyllales
coiled embryosSlide3
Rumex
Non-core
Caryophyllales
Polygonaceae
- knotweed family
46/1200 north
temperate
ocrea
- stipular sheath at base of petiole
in most species; most apparent in herbaceous speciesspiral leaveshalophytic herbs and shrubs
fruit
a 3-sided acheneanthocyanin; no betalain
Polygonum -
knotweed, smartweed
Eriogonum
P
(3+3) or (5)
A
(3+3), 8
G
(3) superior
Rheum -
rhubarbSlide4
Polygonaceae
- knotweed familyEriogonum flower
Eriogonum
flower
Non-core
CaryophyllalesSlide5
ochrea
of Polygonum
winged achene of
Rumex
Non-core
CaryophyllalesSlide6
Polygonaceae
- knotweed familyNon-core CaryophyllalesSlide7
CaryophyllalesSlide8
Droseraceae
- Sundew Family
3/110 widespread
in N and S hemispheres
boggy habitats
a nutrient-poor, acid
peatland
peat mosses, ericaceous shrubs, and sedgesas it matures peat accumulateslayer is formed by the semi-consolidated remains of plant materialpeat exists in a water logged region where chemical and physical conditions prevent rapid degradation
peat is a precursor to coal and when dried and burned, peat can be a significant energy source
peat
floating bog
peat moss
Non-core
Caryophyllales
K
(5-8)
C
(5-8)
A
(4-20)
G
(3) superiorSlide9
Bog Bodies
1000 bog bodies have been found in regions associated with the Celts of the Iron Age
the earliest bog body, that of
Koelbjerg Woman
, has been radiometrically dated at about 10,000 years old; she may simply have drowned
The newest is of the 16th century AD, a woman in Ireland who may have been buried in unhallowed ground following a suicide
the majority of the bog bodies belong to the Celtic Iron Age, some as late as the 4th century AD
Preserved bodies of humans and animals have been discovered in bogs in Britain, Ireland, northern Germany, the Netherlands, Denmark, both Jutland and Zealand, and southern Sweden
Records of such finds go back as far as the 18th century. It is not readily apparent at the time of discovery whether a body has been buried in a bog for years, decades, or centuries. However, during the 20th century, forensic and medical technologies were developed that allow researchers to more closely determine the age of the burial, through radiocarbon dating, their age at death and many other details.
Scientists have been able to study their skin, reconstruct their appearance and even determine what their last meal was by their stomach contents.
Koelbjerg Woman, whose skull is shown here, is the oldest bog body known. We do not know how she met her end, as her bones show no sign of violence. She was, at most, 25 when she died around 8000 B.C. Her body ended up in open water, and the bones were not incorporated in peat until later. She may have simply drowned. (Fyns Stifsmuseum of Denmark, Odense)
"Red Franz"Slide10
insectivorous
“
carnivorous
”
grow in acid environments
leaf jaw-like with hinged midrib
3 trigger-hairs in trap
Droseraceae
- Sundew
Family
Dionaea
muscipula
-
venus
fly trap endemic to N. & S. Carolina
Dionaea
Non-core
CaryophyllalesSlide11
insectivorous
“
carnivorous
”
grow in acid environments
leaves covered with long-
stipitate
insect-trapping glandular hairs
Droseraceae
- Sundew
Family
stipitate hairs
Drosera
- sundew
Drosera
Non-core
CaryophyllalesSlide12
CaryophyllalesSlide13
Amaranthaceae
(including Chenopodiaceae)175/2000 temperate, subtropical
K
(
0-2) 3-5 (6-8)
C
0
A
(1-2) 3-5 (6-8) G1(-3) (5) superior
saline habitatsocean beachessalt marshes
saline/alkaline desert areassome succulentflowers small, inconspicuousherbage covered by farinose (mealy) pubescence sometimes
Amaranthus
fruit (grain) & leaves as foodsourcepolyporate pollen
“
chenoam
”
Atriplex
(saltbush)
Chenopodium
Spinacia
Core
Caryophyllales
AmaranthusSlide14
polyporate
pollen“chenoam”
pigweed
chenoam pollen
Amaranthaceae
Core
CaryophyllalesSlide15
Core
Caryophyllales
Amaranthaceae
Slide16
CaryophyllalesSlide17
Caryophyllaceae
- pink or carnation family86/2400 cosmopolitan
cyme inflorescence
petals often notched (
“
pinked
”
)sepals can be connate
free-central placentationmany colorful ornamentalsmany wildflowersmany weeds
pinked petals
Dianthus
(sweet William)
Stellaria
(chickweed)
Silene
(campion)
cyme
Core
Caryophyllales
K
5 or (5)
C
5
A
5 or 5+5
G
(2-5+) superiorSlide18
CaryophyllalesSlide19
Cactaceae
- cactus family118/1500 New World, warm-temperate to tropical
1.
stem-succulents
2.
cladophyll
= flattened stem
3.
areoles = pad-like axillary nodes that bear spines4. spines & glochids
(tiny spines around areole = hairlike) in some5. ephermeral leaves6. inferior ovary; fruit a berry
7. few cm to giant candelabra-like “trees” to 20m8. New World distribution - tropical origin
Cereus giganteus
- saguaro
Core
Caryophyllales
P
∞
A
∞
G
(
3-∞)
inferiorSlide20
Subfamily
Pereskioideaeleafy trees and shrubsscarcely succulent stems, w/o glochidsSubfamily
Opuntioidea
leaves
cylindrical, reduced
, early-deciduous
jointed stems
w/ glochids
Subfamily Maihuenioideaepersistent leaves
Subfamily Cactoideaeleaves extremely reduced (absent)stems not jointed; glochids absent
Tribe Cereeaevertically ribbed; flowers from old areoles; columnar cactiTribe
Cacteae
ribbed stems; flowers from new areoles
Cereus
Pereskia
Opuntia
Ferocactus
Cactaceae
- cactus family
Core
Caryophyllales
MaihueniaSlide21
Cactaceae
- cactus family
ephemeral leaves
cladophyll
Opuntia
- prickly pear
Core
CaryophyllalesSlide22
areole with spines and
glochids
inferior ovary
berry
Cactaceae
- cactus family
Core
CaryophyllalesSlide23
Bergerocactus emoryi
Myrtillocactus
cochal
Cactaceae
- cactus family
Core
Caryophyllales