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Missions and Presidios Missions and Presidios

Missions and Presidios - PowerPoint Presentation

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Missions and Presidios - PPT Presentation

Chapter 4 Section 1 MissionPresidio System Because the French built a fort in Texas Spain realized they were not in control of Texas which provoked great fear among the Spanish In order to gain control of Texas the Spanish used the ID: 290432

spanish mission native missions mission spanish missions native texas americans friars presidio san french soldiers spain lipan war lipans comanches antonio protect

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Slide1

Missions and Presidios

Chapter 4, Section 1Slide2

Mission-Presidio System

Because the French built a fort in Texas, Spain realized they were not in control of

Texas, which provoked

great fear among the Spanish.

In order to gain control of Texas, the Spanish used the

mission-presidio system

to build the population of Texas.

A

mission

is

a settlement set up in Indian territory

and were started by Friars.

. Slide3

Mission Presidio System

Friars are members of the clergy who belong to religious groups called orders.

Friars

invited Indians to live at the missions and Friars taught them about

Christianity and the language and customs of Spain.

They also taught them of

Spanish farming methodsSlide4

Goals

The overall goal was

to convert Native Americans to Christianity and also into loyal Spanish subjects.

The system had worked well in Mexico and hoped to have the same success in Texas making it more “Spanish” Slide5

Presidios

A

presidio

protected the mission. A presidio is a fort that offered

safety from unfriendly Indians

… but it also helped to

control the Native Americans inside the mission

.

The Spanish government paid the missionaries and the costs incurred to support the missions and presidios… they were supposed to become completely self-supporting. Slide6

The First Missions

In the 1680s the first mission in Texas was the mission of Corpus Christi de la Ysleta among the

Tigua

people (near El Paso)… La Salle’s arrival motivated Spain to move their efforts to the east.

Tejas

mission:

Settled with the

Hasinai

people (a group of Caddo) whom the Spanish called the

Tejas

(because of their famous phrase “

tay

yas

”) in 1690. The called this mission San Francisco de los

Tejas

and it was located 20 miles northeast of present-day Crockett. Slide7

Mission Failure

The

Hasinai

never fully took on the teachings of the friars and Spanish soldiers treated them

harshly

.

Many

Hasinai

became sick with Spanish diseases

because they had no resistance to them.

A

series of floods destroyed their crops and the

Hasainai

and they blamed the

Spanish

.

.Slide8

Mission Failure

The

Hasinai

people blamed the Spanish for this misfortune

They began to attack the Spanish people

The

Spanish abandoned the missions and headed west.

Before leaving the Friars buried the mission bells and destroyed the missionSlide9

Father Hidalgo

In 1711, Spanish missionary Father Francisco Hidalgo wrote to the French

to

help Father Hidalgo

with building a mission among the east Texas Caddo

. They sent St. Denis.

St

. Denis who travelled through Texas and arrived at the mission of San Juan Bautista. He was arrested

for being in Spanish lands

.

St. Denis convinced the Spanish to let him continue his missionary work and was freed. Slide10

Establishing Missions

Working with Father Hidalgo, St. Denis established

6 missions

and a presidio. One of these,

Los

Adaes

, became the capital of the province of Texas, located near Natchitoches; so the Spanish can keep an eye on the French.

Because Spain and France were at war in Europe in 1719, the war spread to the colonies. Slide11

The Chicken War

French soldiers decided to raid Los

Adaes

and found little there besides chickens, which they took. This “war” became known as the

Chicken

War.

After this “war” mission San Antonio de Valero was established because

it was a halfway point between the Rio Grande and east Texas

.

This was built on the San Antonio River and the land was very desirable. Slide12

Other Missions

Missions frequently faced raids from

the

Lipan Apaches,

Companches

,

Wichitas

, and

Tonkawas

.

They frequently stole horses and cattle.

Conflicts began to increase when the

Comanches

in the north continued to push south.

In 1749 the

Lipans

and Spanish made peace. The Spanish planned to build a mission for the

Lipans

who

had agreed to convert to Christianity if they were protected from the

Comanches

.

The Spanish built Santa Cruz de San Saba Mission for the

Lipans

.

They also built a presidio to protect the mission…. Slide13

Santa Cruz de San Saba

The Spanish did not know what the

Lipans

knew: the mission was located in Comanche territory….

The

Lipans

were hoping to

start a war between the Spanish and

Comanches

.

The Lipan Apaches never really lived at the mission. Slide14

Santa Cruz de San Saba

In 1758 about

2,000

Comanches

,

Wichitas

, and

Tonkawas

came in search of the

Lipans

.

They burned down the mission and killed most of the missionaries.

The mission was never rebuilt, but the presidio remained for a number of years.

The Spanish made one more attempt to build a mission among the Lipan on the upper Nueces

River called Camp Wood.

The Spanish could not keep the Lipan protected from attack and the mission failed.

The Spanish

stopped working with the Lipan

.Slide15

Life in the Missions

Chapter 4, Section 2Slide16

On the Missions

Missionaries

felt they should treat the Native Americans

like they are children who needed someone to guide them

. The Native Americans didn’t feel this way.

The Friars taught the Native Americans

Christianity

to convert them to

Catholicism

.Slide17

On the Mission

The main source of labor on the missions was

Native Americans

. They

planted and harvested crops and took care of the livestock

in order to keep the settlement going.

If a Native American did not work, they were punished. They were also punished for bad behavior. Slide18

Life in the Mission

The Native Americans came to live on these missions because the friars

gave them gifts, a steady supply of food, and protection from their enemies

.

The friars followed a

rigid

schedule

:

got up at dawn, went to daily religious meetings, said their prayers, and said the catechism (

a set of questions and answers about Catholic beliefs

).

This schedule was used to convert the Native Americans to Catholicism

.Slide19

Life on the Mission

Farming year round was difficult for Native Americans to get used to.

They were used to following animals for part of the year

. Slide20

Sustaining the Mission

In order to be successful, these missions needed to be self sufficient (support itself independently)

Crops

grown: Corn, beans, chili peppers, pimentos, watermelons, cantaloupes, pumpkins, and garden produce. Slide21

Sustaining the Mission

Livestock raised: Sheep, goats, cattle, and other animals.

Other things Native Americans made/did: Soap, bricks, cotton goods, became masons, seamstresses, and blacksmiths. Slide22

Mission Communities

The missions created

Spanish communities

in Texas.

In a few places, they became busy centers of trade. Towns grew up around the missions.

Missionaries and soldiers also brought

cattle and ranching to Texas.

The

Spanish appointed some of the mission Indians to be

local chiefs

. Slide23

Protection

The Spanish expected the Native Americans

to protect the forts… without guns

.

Soldier’s duties were to guard the livestock, carry messages, protect supply wagon trains, keep order in the mission, and protect the mission from Native American attacks.

Some soldiers brought their families to the presidio

to serve as models for the Indians and to attract other settlers to come live in town. Slide24

Unhealthy Conditions

Living year round in close quarters proved to be unhealthy for many Native Americans because

they could get sick and die

.

Epidemics (

rapid spread of disease in a short time

) were common. Slide25

Rejected!

Many

Native Americans rejected

life in the missions

. Others accepted

the teachings of the friars and joined the Christian faith

. Still, other Native Americans

took up farming and ranching

. Slide26

The Lipan Apaches

The Lipan Apaches were accused of “false friendliness” because

they asked for help against the

Comanches

originally, yet they never fully committed to mission life and sometimes continued to raid Spanish settlements and steal horses

.

The

Comanches

were hostile towards the Spanish too;

they saw them as a threat

.

. Slide27

Problems

Relations between officers and soldiers were often bad on these missions because officers often charged the soldiers more than the goods were worth and treated the soldiers badly, giving them poor suppliesSlide28

Different Treatment

Native Americans were treated differently by different people on these missions:

Soldiers believed they had to use force in dealing with the Native Americans

Friars tended to use more peaceful means.Slide29

The French Threat is Gone

At this time,

the French had lost the Seven Years War against Great Britain

(also known as the French and Indian War)

and ceded their land in Louisiana to Spain

, removing the French threat in Texas.

Still, as Marques de Rubi reports on behalf of Spain, that Spanish power was spread too thin in Texas and presidios could not protect Texas from the Native Americans.

. Slide30

The French Threat is Gone

Attacks were getting worse so Spain closed most of the missions. Only

San Antonio and La Bahia

were left open.

Because of this,

a unique blend of cultures

was left in Texas; this new culture group was called TejanosSlide31

The End Result

Though the mission-presidio system failed, the Spanish did make two contributions to Texas lifestyles:

Ranching and the language (naming of towns and rivers)

Remaining settlers, led by Antonio Gil

Ybaro

left the remaining missions to resettle east Texas. The area they returned to was Nacogdoches.

Only 3 Spanish settlements remained:

San Antonio, La Bahia, and Nacogdoches

.