Explain the relationship between the structure and function of the following parts of the heart valves atria ventricles major arteries and veins 1 Circulatory System ID: 775493
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SENIOR SCIENCEBIONICS
Part 2: Circulatory System
Slide2Explain the relationship between the structure and function of the following parts of the heart – valves – atria – ventricles – major arteries and veins
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Slide3Circulatory System
The blood enters the heart from the body through the vena cava. It enters the right atrium travels through the tricuspid valve and flows into the right ventricle.
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Slide4Circulatory System
The muscle surrounding the right ventricle contracts, pushing blood through the pulmonic valve.
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Slide5Circulatory System
Blood then travels to the lungs through the pulmonary artery.
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Slide6Circulatory System
Here it exchanges carbon dioxide for oxygen. The blood then flows back to the heart through the pulmonary vein into the left atrium.
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Slide7Circulatory System
Once the left atrium fills with blood, the bicuspid valve opens to allow blood into the left ventricle.
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Slide8Circulatory System
The left ventricle then contracts, pushing blood through the aortic valve into the aorta.
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Slide9Circulatory System
From here, oxygen rich blood is circulated around the body, giving oxygen and nutrients to cells.
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Slide10Arteries
Vs Veins
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Slide11Arteries Vs Veins
Slide12a) Blood from the aorta travels to the body T Fb) Blood moves into the left atrium through the tricuspid valve T Fc) Blood travels through the pulmonic valve from the right ventricle T Fd) The vena cava delivers blood to the heart from the lungs T Fe) The left side of the heart contains oxygen rich blood T Ff) The right side of the heart contains blood rich in carbon dioxide T Fg) The pulmonary vein sends blood to the left ventricle T Fh) The aortic valve opens, allowing blood from the left ventricle T F into the aorta i) The left ventricle is more muscular than the right ventricle. T F
Slide13Explain that specialised tissues in the heart produce an electrical signal that stimulates rhythmic contractions of the cardiac muscle
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Slide14Electrical Activity of the Heart
Sinoatrial (SA) node in the right atrium send an electrical signal to the atria, contracting the atria.This sends blood through the valves to the ventricles on both sides of the heart. The electrical impulse from the atria passes to an atrioventricular (AV) junction to the ventricles. The AV junction can be likened to wires between the atria and ventricles. The impulse is slowed here, before being passed to the ventricles. This allows the atria to relax (and fill with blood) before the ventricles contract.
Slide15Electrical Activity of the Heart
Slide16Electrical Activity of the Heart
Slide17Heart Beat
The sound of a heartbeat is often described as ‘lub–dubLub = a long low–pitched sound, is produced by the closing of the valves between the atria and ventricles. Dub = a short, louder and high–pitched sound, comes from the closing of the valves between ventricles and the aorta and pulmonary artery.
Slide18Electrocardiograph (ECG)
Slide19Electrocardiograph (ECG)
Record these electrical impulsesMetal electrodes are attached to the skin on a person's arms, legs and chest. The electrodes detect the electrical activity and record it on moving paper or electronically to produce an electrocardiogram (ECG). Doctors can use the patterns produced to help diagnose heart problems.
Slide20ECG
P Wave
produced by the electrical signals that cause the atria to contract, forcing blood into the ventricles.
QRS Wavesignals that bring about the contraction of the ventricles.
T Wave
recovery wave as the electrical signals spreads back over the ventricles in the opposite direction.
Slide21ECG
Slide22Identifying Aspects of a HeartbeatActivity
Spotlight Senior Science
Pg
170
Slide23Discuss the problems that can result from interruptions to the normal rhythm of the heart
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Slide24Interruptions to the heart’s normal rhythms
Summarise each of the following from the Spotlight textbook (page 171)
Heart murmur
Ischaemia
and fibrillation
Tachycardia and
bradycardia
Damage to the pacemaker region of heart
Slide25Identify that a pacemaker will produce a regular electrical impulseIdentify the types of materials used to make pacemakers and the properties that make these suitable for implanting in the body
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Slide26Palpitations
Palpitations occur when the heart beats too fast or too slow or beats in a irregular manner. This happens when there is a malfunction in some part of the heart's electrical system. These can be felt as:
skipping a heartbeat
occasional extra heartbeats
rapidheartbeat
p
ounding in the chest
Slide27Common Problems Requiring Medical Treatment
1the heart beats too quickly(more than 100 beats per minute)
2the heart beats too slowly(less than 50 beats per minute)
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the heart beats
irregularly
(disorganised electrical impulses)
Slide28Treatment
Slide29Artificial Pacemaker
Slide30Artificial Pacemaker
Spotlight Senior Science
Page 171-172
Slide31Describe the problems that can result from faulty valves in the heart
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Slide32Heart Valves
Slide33Heart Valves
Slide34Faulty Valves
Faulty valves can cause symptoms such as:
chest
pain
shortness
of breath
inability
to sleep
fatigue
and an inability to carry out daily activities
swollen
ankles
abnormally
large abdomen.
Slide35Stenosis
Valve cannot open all the way because of disease or injury.Blood has a hard time flowing to the next heart chamber. Heart valves can become calcified (coated in layers of calcium salts.)Narrow opening of the valve.
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Slide36Insufficiency or regurgitation
Valve does not close completely, and blood leaks backwards. The heart has to work harder to pump blood - it has to push harder to get blood through smaller openings or it has to re-pump blood that has leaked backwards.
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Slide37Insufficiency or regurgitation
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Slide38Describe the properties of materials such as teflon/pyrolytic carbon that make them versatile materials for making artificial body parts, including heart valves
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Slide39Artificial Valves
Spotlight Senior Science
Page 172-173
Slide40Artificial Valves
Slide41Describe and explain the effects of a build-up of plaque on the walls of major arteries and veins on blood flow to and from the heart
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Discuss ways in which plaque could be eliminated or altered to ease blood flow
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Slide42Heart Health
Spotlight Senior Science
Page
173
Slide43Treatment for Coronary Heart Disease
Spotlight Senior Science
Page
173-174
Slide44THE END
Spotlight Senior Science
Answer To Think Questions
Page 174