are prokaryotes whose cell walls contain peptidoglycan Organizing Lifes Diversity Eubacteria are a diverse group that can survive in many different environments ID: 800460
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Domain Bacteria
Eubacteria are prokaryotes whose cell walls contain peptidoglycan.
Organizing Life’s Diversity
Eubacteria are a diverse group that can survive in many different environments.
17.3 Domains and Kingdoms
Classifying Using Biotechnology
Chapter 17
Slide2Domain Archaea
Archaea are thought to be more ancient than bacteria and yet more closely related to our eukaryote ancestors.
Organizing Life’s Diversity
Archaea are diverse in shape and nutrition requirements.
They are called extremophiles because they can live in extreme environments.
17.3 Domains and Kingdoms
Chapter 17
Slide3Methanogens
Archaebacteria Types
Extreme HalophilesThermoacidophiles
Hot springssewageGreat salt lakes
Slide4Cyanobacteria
“Blue-green algae”Only 200 species?In different conditionsthey grow differentlyLots of colorsPhotosynthetic7,500 ? species
Slide5BASIC SHAPES OF EUBACTERIASPHERICAL
ROD-SHAPEDSPIRILLA
Slide6Bad Bacteria!
Slide7Bacteria Caused Diseases
Bacteria can cause the following diseases:
TuberculosisPneumoniaStrep throatStaph infectionsScarlet feverSyphilisGonorrheaChlamydiaBoilsTetanusLyme diseaseEar infections
Many sexually transmitted diseases (STD’s) are caused by bacteria.GonorrheaSyphilusChlamydia
Slide8E. colianthrax
salmonella
Helibacter pilori
Slide9Botulism
One group of bacteria called clostridia
, can form endospores. Clostridium botulinum, produces a toxin. If canned food is not properly sterilized these endospores can become active inside a can and the disease “botulism” can occur.
Slide10AntibioticsAntibiotics are drugs that combat bacteria by interfering with cellular functionsPenicillin – interferes with cell wall productionTetracycline – interferes with protein productionSulfa drugs – produced in the laboratoryBroad-spectrum antibiotics will affect a wide variety of organisms
Slide11Penicillin, an antibiotic, comes from molds of the genus Penicillium Notice the area of inhibition around the Penicillium.
Slide12Bacteria aren’t all Bad!
Slide13Root NodulesNifTAL: Nitrogen Fixation of Tropical Agricultural Legumes
50% to 70% of the biological nitrogen fixationAtmospheric N2N “fixer”
Plant roots
Slide14Nitrogen Cycle
Slide15Actinomycetes, produce antibiotics such as streptomycin and nocardicin.
Slide16Bacteria make Vitamin K
Slide17Bacteria put the tang in yogurt and the sour in sourdough bread.
Saprobes help to break down dead organic matter.Bacteria make up the base of the food web in many environments.Streptococcus thermophilus in yogurt
Slide18Sewage treatment
Slide19Oil Spills
Slide20Binary Fission
It involves the copying of the DNA and the splitting into two new cells.
Slide21Viruses—An Exception
A virus is a nucleic acid surrounded by a protein coat.
Organizing Life’s Diversity
Viruses do not possess cells, nor are they cells, and are not considered to be living.
Because they are nonliving, they usually are not placed in the biological classification system.
17.3 Domains and Kingdoms
Chapter 17
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CharacteristicsNon living structuresNoncellularContain a protein coat called the capsidHave a nucleic acid core containing DNA or RNACapable of reproducing only when inside a HOST cell
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CharacteristicsSome viruses are enclosed in an protective envelopeSome viruses may have spikes to help attach to the host cellMost viruses infect only SPECIFIC host cells
CAPSID
ENVELOPE
DNA
SPIKES
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CharacteristicsSome viruses cause diseaseSmallpox, measles, mononucleosis, influenza, colds, warts, AIDS, EbolaSome viruses may cause some cancers like leukemiaVirus-free cells are rare
MEASLES
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Viral ShapesViruses come in a variety of shapesSome may be helical shape like the Ebola virusSome may be polyhedral shapes like the influenza virusOthers have more complex shapes like
bacteriophages
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Complex Viruses
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Bacteriophages
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Adenovirus
COMMON COLD
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RNA or DNA VirusDo or do NOT have an envelopeCapsid shapeHOST they infectUsed for Virus Identification
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RetrovirusesThe enzyme reverse transcriptase (or RTase), which causes synthesis of a complementary DNA molecule (cDNA) using virus RNA as a template
RTase
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RetrovirusesHIV, the AIDS virus, is a retrovirusFeline Leukemia Virus is also a retrovirus
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Lytic and Lysogenic Cycles
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Prion DiseasesPrions form insoluble deposits in the brainCauses neurons to rapidly degeneration.Mad cow disease (bovine spongiform encephalitis: BSE) is an examplePeople in New Guinea used to suffer from kuru, which they got from eating the brains of their enemies
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