For Designing Urban Thoroughfares Brian Bochner Senior Research Engineer Texas Transportation Institute 2 Communities Want Flexibility Compatibility with adjacent land uses Balanced land usetransportation functions ID: 422321
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Context Sensitive SolutionsFor DesigningUrban Thoroughfares
Brian BochnerSenior Research EngineerTexas Transportation InstituteSlide2
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Communities Want:
FlexibilityCompatibility with adjacent land usesBalanced land use/transportation functionsSafe and attractive streets
Multimodal facilities
Quality public street
space
Improve mobility
Improve safety
Meet environmental requirementsPursue low maintenanceSpend cost-effectively
Agencies
Typically Start To:Slide3
CSS Defined
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CSS is
Collaborative
Interdisciplinary
Involves
all stakeholders
Resulting facilityFits its physical settingPreserves scenic, aesthetic, historic, and environmental resources
Ma
intains
safety and mobilitySlide4
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Tenets of CSSBalance SafetyMobility
Community objectivesEnvironmentMultimodal Involve public, stakeholdersInterdisciplinary teamsFlexibility in designIncorporate aesthetics
Source: Minnesota Department of TransportationSlide5
Context Integration
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Baldwin Street, HoustonSlide6
Context Integration
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Gray and Bagby Streets, HoustonSlide7
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CSS: Bringing Place and Thoroughfare Design Together
E14th Corridor - San Leandro, CA Source: Community, Design + ArchitectureSlide8
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CSS: Bringing Place and Thoroughfare Design Together
E14th Corridor - San Leandro, CA Source: Community, Design + ArchitectureSlide9
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CSS: Bringing Place and Thoroughfare Design Together
E14th Corridor - San Leandro, CA Source: Community, Design + ArchitectureSlide10
Challenges
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Project
Design
Safety
Physical Character
Cost
Environmental Quality
Natural & Human Environment
Capacity
Accessibility
Multimodal
Considerations
Historical and Scenic CharacteristicsSlide11
CSS (Federal) Milestones
1997 – FHWA Flexibility in Highway Design1998 – “Thinking Beyond the Pavement” workshop2003 – CSS included in FHWA performance plan
2005 – CSS promoted in SAFETEA-LU2006 – ITE/CNU/FHWA/EPA CSS in Designing Major Urban Thoroughfares for Walkable Communities2009 – TxDOT adopts ITE CSS report into project development process ITE/CNU/FHWA/EPA manual2010 – ITE/CNU/FHWA/EPA Designing Walkable Urban Thoroughfares: A Context Sensitive Approach
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What is CSS?
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More than mitigation . . .More than public meetings…More than enhancements . . .More than a fad . . .
Michigan DOTSlide13
What is CSS?
ProcessShared visionCollaborationComprehensive understanding of contexts
Flexibility and creativity to fit conditionsInterdisciplinaryCoordinated multimodal transportation and land use decisions13Slide14
Why Use CSS?
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Listen
Build
Design
This
Decide
Design
Defend
Re-Design
Delay
Not thisSlide15
CSS Benefit
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Vision and Goals
Long-range vision
C
ommunity
values and issues
Community and agency priorities
Educate stakeholders on issues, process and constraints
Establish planning process
CSS Start to Plan and DesignSlide17
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CSS Design Process
Area PlanVisionCompatibilityInitial concept/testing
DesignSlide18
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CSS Design FrameworkFunctional classification
Context zones:Suburbs - downtownsStreet classification:
Thoroughfare
type
Compatibility & mutual supportSlide19
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Context Zones – An Organizing System for Thoroughfare Design
Source: Duany Plater-Zyberk and CompanySlide20
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Features That Create ContextLand use
ActivitiesSite design Building designLandscape designNatural featuresCharacter of public spaceSlide21
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CSS Tenet –Thoroughfare Design Changes as Context Changes
“Thoroughfare design is not just sensitive to context—but part of the context and helps define the place”Slide22
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CSS vs. Conventional Thoroughfare Design Approach
Conventional
CSS Approach
Context:
Urban
Rural
Context:
Suburban
General urban
Urban Center
Urban Core
Design criteria primarily based on:
Functional class
Design speed
Travel demand
Level of service
Design criteria primarily based on:
Community objectives
Functional class
Thoroughfare type
Adjacent land useSlide23
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Thoroughfare TypesThree roadway classifications:
BoulevardAvenueStreetBasis for: Physical configuration
Design criteria
Street
Boulevard
AvenueSlide24
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Thoroughfare Type in DesignDesign criteria Target speed (desirable operating speed)
Physical configurationWith surrounding contextDimensions for: StreetsideTraveled wayIntersectionsSlide25
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Thoroughfare Components
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Streetside
StreetsideSlide26
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Walkable Thoroughfare Design Parameters
Starting PointsSlide27
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Streetside Design Criteria
Starting PointsSlide28
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Key Differences From Conventional ApproachStart with area objectives
YoursStakeholdersConsider
Context
Land use
Activity
Thoroughfare function
Thoroughfare type
Continue to consider comprehensive objectivesRemember - FlexibilitySlide29
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I-30/I-35W Interchange ReconstructionDowntown Ft. Worth
ExampleSlide30
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ProjectExisting elevated freeway over Lancaster Avenue
ProjectReconstructionCapacity and safety improvementsSlide31
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Initial PlanInitial plan – west leg
Widened elevated structureCommunity reactionOpposition
Lawsuit
Leadership interest to find better solutionSlide32
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CSS Approach – Stakeholder ObjectivesObjectives/concerns
Replace aging structureIncrease interchange capacityIncrease safetyMerges, weavesDesign speed
Sight distances
Improve aesthetics
Freeway
Barrier
Historic preservation
Permit T&P building revitalizationRedevelopmentSlide33
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ApproachInitial alternatives
Existing alignmentElevatedAt-gradeDepressedNew alignments
Visualization of preferred alternative (SDH&PT, FHWA, 1991)Slide34
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Relocated I-30 West LegSlide35
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Improved RampsSlide36
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Lancaster AvenueSlide37
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DiscussionSlide38
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For Additional InformationBrian Bochner
Texas Transportation Institute(979) 458-3516b-bochner@tamu.edu