Approach Charts Overview - PowerPoint Presentation

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Approach Charts Overview - PPT Presentation

Surface Safety and Departure Safety Standard Departure Procedures Takeoff Minimums Alternate Minimums SIDs ODPs VCOA Departures RNAV Departures VFR Departures 2015 Coast Flight Training All Rights Reserved ID: 650670

flight approach coast reserved approach flight reserved coast 2015 rights training jic landing point altitude missed height airport system

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Slide1

Approach ChartsSlide2

Overview

Surface Safety and Departure SafetyStandard Departure ProceduresTakeoff MinimumsAlternate Minimums

SIDsODPsVCOA DeparturesRNAV DeparturesVFR Departures

The Standard IAP

Instrument Approach Procedure (IAP)Allows to descend from enroute altitude to a point near runway where landing may be made visuallyComes in 3 types:Precision Approach

Approach with Vertical GuidanceNonprecision Approach

JIC 7-1Slide4

Precision Approach

Navigation system provides:Course Deviation Information (Lateral)Glide Path Deviation Information (Horizontal)Meets ICAO Annex 10 standards for Precision Approaches

Examples:Instrument Landing System (ILS)GPS Landing System (GLS)

JIC 7-2Slide5

Approach with Vertical Guidance (APV)

Doesn’t meet ICAO Annex 10 standardsNavigation system provides:Course Deviation Information (Lateral)Glide Path Deviation Information (Horizontal)Examples:

LNAV/VNAV GPS ApproachLPV ApproachLDA with Glide Path

JIC 7-2Slide6

Nonprecision Approach

Navigation system that providesCourse deviation informationExamples:VOR

NDBLNAV

JIC

-2Slide7

Approach Types

CommonILSLocalizerVORRNAV (GPS)NDB

Less CommonLDASDFVOR/DMERNAV (RNP)MLS

JIC 7-2Slide8

Approach Segments

Approach segments are broken down into 5 parts:Feeder Routes (Transition Routes)Initial ApproachIntermediate ApproachFinal Approach

Missed Approach

JIC 7-2Slide9

Feeder Routes

Technically not considered an approach segmentIntegral part of the approach procedureProvides transition from enroute structure to approach structure

JIC 7-3Slide10

Initial Approach Segment

Provides method of aligning with approach courseDME arcProcedure TurnDirectBegins at Initial Approach Fix (IAF)Ends at Intermediate Fix (IF)

JIC 7-3Slide11

Intermediate Approach Segment

Designed to position aircraft for descentBegins at Intermediate Fix (IF)Ends at Final Approach Fix (FAF)May have step-down altitudes

Consult profile view

JIC 7-4Slide12

Final Approach Segment

Navigate safely to a point where landing can be madeBegins at Final Approach Fix (FAF)Ends at Missed Approach Point (MAP)

JIC 7-5Slide13

Missed Approach Segment

Navigate safely to a point where a second approach can be attemptedBegins at Missed Approach Point (MAP)Ends at designated point (usually a hold)

JIC 7-5Slide14

Chart Layout

Heading SectionCommunications/Briefing SectionMinimum Safe AltitudesPlan ViewProfile ViewAirport Plan View

JIC 7-6Slide15

Heading Section

IdentifiesCityAirportProcedure TitleAirport IdentifierIndicates T

ype of approach system Primary equipment requirements

JIC 7-6Slide16

Communications Section

Some may call “briefing section”IdentifiesComm InfoPertinent RemarksWhen NA

Airport LightingMissed Approach ProceduresApproach Course InformationNavigation Frequencies

JIC 7-9Slide17

Minimum Safe Altitudes

Identifies the safe altitude that gives 1000 feet of obstacle clearanceBoth in mountainous and non-mountainousOnly provides obstruction clearanceNavigation information not guaranteedOnly to be used for emergencies

Some approaches may not have

JIC 7-11Slide18

Plan View

Top down view of the approachLimited terrain informationUse for reference onlyMay not be 100% accurateIdentifies all fixes and entriesProcedure turns

HoldsNormal Entries

JIC 7-12Slide19

Profile View

Shows the approach from the sideIdentifies altitudesIdentifies minimumsMDA (MDH)DA (DH)Visibility

JIC 7-16Slide20

Airport Plan View

IdentifiesAirport ElevationTouch Down Zone ElevationApproach CorridorAirport Lighting SystemsRunway Lengths

Obstacles

Obj. Op.Slide21

Altitudes

Decision Altitude (Height)Minimum Descent Altitude (Height)Touchdown Zone Elevation (TDZE)Height Above Touchdown (HAT)Height Above Airport (HAA)Airport Elevation

Threshold Crossing Height (TCH)

Obj. Op.Slide22

Decision Altitude

DA = MSLDH = AGLOnly on precision approachesWhere pilots chooses to continue or executes the missed approachUpon arrival:Missed

Descend for Landing

JIC 7-10

DHSlide23

Minimum Descent Altitude

Nonprecision approachesThe minimum altitude pilot can descend to on the Final Approach CourseUpon arrival:MissedDescend for Landing (only after VDP)

Continue flying to MAP

JIC 7-10

DHSlide24

Touchdown Zone Elevation

Highest Elevation in the first 3000 feet of the landing surfaceIn a nutshell:Where the wheels will touch the surface of the approach runway

JIC 7-10Slide25

Height Above Touchdown

Number in parentheses next to DA or MDAConcurrent with DH or MDHFormula:MDA – TDZE = HAT

JIC 7-16Slide26

Airport Elevation

Elevation of the highest point of all usable runwaysSome charts will list the Airport Reference Point which is where the Lat & Long / Elevation are taken

JIC 7-16Slide27

Threshold Crossing Height

Altitude at which the threshold is crossed when on the glideslope centerline

JIC 7-16Slide28

Step Down Fixes

Allows the pilot to descend to a lower altitude to overfly certain obstaclesMust be complied with until FAF, even if glideslope capture

JIC 7-18Slide29

Visual Descent Point

A stepdown between the FAF and the MAPMust be crossed before descent for landing

JIC 7-18Slide30

Missed Approach Icons

Represent the action to be completed at missed approachMAP is identified by:TimeDistanceNAVAID Crossing

JIC 7-20Slide31

Conversion Table

Use the table at the end of your TERPs to determine the descent rate needed to maintain glideslope

JIC 7-22Slide32

Landing Minimums

Straight-In ApproachLanding on approach runwayCircling ApproachLanding on a runway other than the approach runwaySide-Step Maneuver

Landing on an adjacent runway

JIC 7-23Slide33

Approach Categories

Aircraft are placed in categories according to their approach speed (VREF)Aircraft without a VREF use the following formula:

1.3 x (VSO)These aircraft also have circling approach radii (distance to stay within airport)

JIC 7-23Slide34

Descent Below Minimums

91.175 Prescribes when descent can be madeAircraft is in position to make a normal landing

Runway Environment* in sightFlight visibility is not less than that prescribed for the approach

JIC 7-24Slide35

Runway Environment

Approach Lights (only to 100 feet*)ThresholdThreshold MarkingsThreshold LightsREILsVASITouchdown Zone Markings

TDZLRunway or MarkingsRunway Lights

JIC 7-24Slide36

The 100-foot Rule

If a pilot has the approach lighting system in sight (ALS) they may descend to 100 feet below minimums (or 100 foot below MDH) whichever is lessIf they continue below and do not make contact with the remainder of the runway environment, the pilot must execute a missed approach

Obj. Op.Slide37

Inoperative Components

Landing Minimums increase when required component becomes inoperativeMust increase to highest value if more than one component inopInop Components Chart found in beginning of TERPs

JIC 7-24Slide38

References

JIC Jeppesen Instrument/Commercial: Guided Flight DiscoveryObj. Op. Objective Opinion14 CFR Federal Aviation

Regulations