Conflict in the Chesapeake - PowerPoint Presentation

Slide1

Conflict in the ChesapeakeSlide2

Chief Powhatan

Powhatan Confederacy

a few

dozen small tribes

in the James River

area Slide3

Powhatan ConfederacySlide4

Powhatan

Indian VillageSlide5

Relations between Indians & settlers grew worse.

General mistrust

English

raided Indian food supplies during the starving times.

1610-1614

 First Anglo-Powhatan War

Raided

villages, burned houses, took supplies, burned cornfields.

Culture Clash in the ChesapeakeSlide6

1614-1622

peace

(

sealed

by the marriage of Pocahontas to

John Rolfe)

1622-1644

 periodic

attacks

1622



Large Indian attack killing 347 [including John Rolfe].Virginia Co. called for a “perpetual war” against the Nat. Am.Raids reduced native population and drove them further westward.

Culture Clash in the ChesapeakeSlide7

Powhatan Uprising

of 1622

Take 5 Minutes to

HIPP

this primary source document!Slide8

1644-1646

 Second Anglo-Powhatan War

Last effort of natives to defeat English.

Indians defeated

again.

Peace Treaty of 1646

Removed

the

Powhatans

from their original

land

Formally separated Indian and English settlement areas!- (beginning of reservation system)Victim of 3 D’s; Disease, Disorganization, and Disposability

Culture Clash in the ChesapeakeSlide9

Problems in Virginia

An increasing population of small landowners (or landless / former servants) put pressure on the frontier which led to conflicts with the natives

In addition, tobacco prices had fallen and taxes had increased on Virginians

VA Govenor: Willan BerkeleyUrged frontier colonists to keep peace with NativesSlide10

Bacon’s Rebellion

Nathaniel

Bacon was a rebel leader

that started attacking Indian settlements (he also Berkley’s cousin)Bacon had enough popular support to get elected to the House of Burgesses despite his rebel status.When he arrived in Jamestown to take his seat a confrontation occurred with Berkley.

Only write 1

st

bulletSlide11

Bacon’s Rebellion

Jamestown was in disarray for several months as control of the town shifted back and forth.

Bacon eventually burned Jamestown to the ground and soon after died of disease and the rebellion fell apart.

Berkley cracked down on the followers of Bacon, seizing property and ordering 23 of them hanged.

DO NOT WRITESlide12

The Legacy of Bacon’s Rebellion (1676)

Highlighted the

tensions between land-owning elite of coastal plantations versus the landless former servants and backcountry small farmers

(CLASS WAR)The rebellion led many to seek a work force that would be easier to control (slave) rather than temporary white servants that would be set free to demand rights and access to landSlide13

In addition to indentured servants, Virginia landowners also used

African slaves

who were first brought to Jamestown in 1619Slide14

African slaves were transported from Africa to America on slave ships across the “

Middle Passage

” Slide15

The “Coffin” Position Used Below Desk

African Captives Being Thrown Overboard

Slave auction upon arrival in AmericaSlide16

Slavery in the South was far more common than

in the Northern colonies

80-90% of Southern slaves were field workers, most on plantationsSlide17

Slaves came from a variety of places in West Africa & had a variety

of

languages

&

cultures

Slaves used music

& dance to maintain their African culture

Slave families were common, but marriages were not recognized

Slave religion often blended African rituals with Christianity Slide18

Slaves resisted by running away, slowing down work,

or sabotaging equipment

In the

Stono

Rebellion

150 slaves attacked & killed over 20 whites Slide19

Colonial Society in the South

Use your textbook pg. 73-76, create a pyramid showing the different levels of society in the South

Using pg. 74-75 list the various ways African slaves were able to adapt and form a distinct African American culture Slide20

Trouble in New EnglandSlide21

Warm Up Review

List all the colonies founded for religious freedom or toleration (if linked to a particular religion note it!)

List as many colonial figures as your can and try to associate them with their home colony.

List the key economic activities for the 3 colonial regions. Can you explain how geography/environment led to these activities?Explain the significance of the House of Burgesses and the Mayflower Compact.List any colonies founded for reasons other than religion and give their reason for establishment.How did the colonies use forced labor?

How would you describe the relationship between the English colonists and the Native Americans? Give examples.Slide22

Indians especially weak in New England



disease

wiped out ¾ of the

natives

Cooperation

between

local Natives

helped by

Squanto

. (Knew English

)1621  Chief Massasoit signedtreaty

Autumn

, 1621



celebrated the First Thanksgiving.

Puritans vs. Native AmericansSlide23

The First Thanksgiving?

In 1863, President Lincoln proclaimed Thanksgiving an official US holiday.Slide24

Only hope for Native

Americans

to resist

whit expansion was

to

UNITE.

Metacom

[King Philip to

white settlers]

united Indians

and staged

coordinated attacks on white settlements throughout New England.Frontier settlements forced to retreat to Boston.

King Philip’s War

(1675-1676}Slide25

King Philip’s War

Fifty-two English towns were attacked and a dozen of them were destroyed.

2,500 colonists died, approximately 30% of the New England population.

At least twice as many natives died.Some historians believe that between war, disease and starvation, half of the native population perished during the fighting.Many tribes were disbanded completely due to the war.

DO NOT WRITESlide26

The war ended in failure for the Indians

Had

slowed western expansion of colonists, but only for a few decades

Never a serious threat in New England again!!

King Philip’s War

(1675-1676}Slide27

By the 1660s,

many New England towns experienced a drop-off in

church membership

Churches responded with the

Halfway Covenant

which gave full church membership

to people who had not had a “conversion experience”

This compromise brought people back to the church, but showed the

weakening of strict Puritan practices to keep membersSlide28

Religion played a role in the

Salem

witchcraft trials

in 1692 when several

young girls accused people of being witches

The hysteria was caused

by tensions over land ownership, Indian attacks, & religious disagreements

As a result of the trials,

19 people were killed & 150 citizens were jailed Slide29

In the 1730s & 1740s,

the

Great Awakening

began

as preachers used revivals to encourage religious conversions

By the 1700s, church attendance in the colonies

had declinedSlide30

Great Awakening

1730’s-1740’s

First major religious revival

“Old lights” v. “New Lights

New denominations

Emotional style of preachingSlide31

Preachers like

Jonathan Edwards & George Whitefield were popular evangelists

Preachers used “fire & passion” &

“camp

revivals” to encourage people to examine their faith

The Great Awakening led to a rise of

new religious denominations

like Methodists & Baptists

The Great Awakening took place in

all colonies

& became the

first national American eventSlide32

Colonial

Choose

1

of the following colonial women and write a letter to your friends describing

your life

,

the lives of your husbands

,

children

and the

rest of your community.

Be sure to include the good and the bad.

Woman

#1

:

Southern Colonial women living in the Chesapeake region. (

pg

66-72)

Woman

#2

:

Slave women living in the Chesapeake region or the Deep South. (

pg

72-76)

Woman

#3

:

New England Woman living in a typical New England Town (

pg

76-82)Slide33

Jonathan Edwards, On the Revival in Northampton (1734)

These awakenings, when they have first seized on persons, have had two effects: one was, that they have brought them immediately to quit their sinful practices, and the looser sort have been brought to forsake and dread their former vices and extravagancies. When once the Spirit of Gob began to be so wonderfully poured out in a general way through the town, people had soon done with their old quarrels,

backbitings

, and intermeddling with other men’s matters; the tavern was soon left empty, and persons kept very much at home…The other effect was, that it put them on earnest application to the means of salvation, reading, prayer, meditation, the ordinances of God’s house, and private conference; their cry was, What shall we do to be saved?The Testimony and Advice of an Assembly of Pastors of Churches in New England (1743)

If it is the duty of every one capable of observation and reflection, to take a constant religious notice of what occurs in the daily course of common providence; how much more is it expected that those events in the divine economy, wherein there is a signal display of the power, grace and mercy of God in behalf of the church, should be observed with sacred wonder, pleasure, and gratitude! Nor should the people of God content themselves with silent notice, but publish with the voice of thanksgiving, and tell of all his wondrous works.

Charles

Chauncy

, Enthusiasm Described and Cautioned Against (1742)

But in nothing does the

enthusiasm of these persons discover it self more, than in the disregard they express to the Dictates of reason. They are above the force of argument, beyond conviction from a calm and sober address to their understandings…They feel the hand of GOD moving them within, and the impulses of this SPIRIT; and cannot be mistaken in what they feel. Thus they support themselves, and are sure reason hath nothing to do with what they see and feel…And in vain will you endeavor to convince such perons of any mistakes they are fallen into. They are certainly in the right, and know themselves to be so. They have the SPIRIT opening their understandings and revealing the truth to them. They believe only as he has taught them: and to suspect they are in the wrong is to do dishonor to the SPIRIT; ‘this to oppose his dictates, to set up their own wisdom in opposition to his, and shut their eyes against that light with which he has shined into their souls. They are not therefore capable of being argued with; you had as good reason with the wind…

The Testimony of the President, Professors, Tutors and Hebrew Instructors of Harvard College in Cambridge, Against the Revered Mr. George Whitefield, and His Conduct (1744)

And in what Condition much that People be, who stand ready to be led by a Man that conducts himself according to his Dreams, or some ridiculous and unaccountable Impulses and Impressions on his Mind?