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Early Native American Civilizations Early Native American Civilizations

Early Native American Civilizations - PowerPoint Presentation

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Early Native American Civilizations - PPT Presentation

The Western Gulf Culture The Karankawa Lived on the coast from pd Galveston to Corpus Christi Both hunted and fished for Food and gathered for food as well Nomadic during the winter they lived along the coast fishing and hunting sea turtles and gathering shellfish ID: 686061

lived texas buffalo food texas lived food buffalo hunted plains indians culture clothing karankawa corn women spanish land small

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Slide1

Early Native American CivilizationsSlide2

The Western Gulf Culture

The

Karankawa

Lived on the coast from

p.d

.

Galveston to Corpus Christi.

Both hunted and fished for

Food, and gathered for food

as well.

Nomadic: during the winter they lived along the coast, fishing and hunting sea turtles, and gathering shellfish. Also hunted birds eggs and hunted deer and small animals.Slide3

During the spring and summer, the

Karankawa

moved inland and camped near rivers on the coastal prairie.

“I passed the entire summer in this country with them in going everywhere in search of food because they possess no cabins or fields. That is why they travel in this manner the entire summer. The men kill a few deer and a few buffaloes and the women search for wild potatoes.”

French explorer

Simars

de

BellisleSlide4

Hunted with large wooden bows and arrows and fished with bows and arrows and fish traps.

Karankawa

women collected plants, cooked the food, and took care of the camp.

Lived in portable wigwams, or circular huts from bent poles covered with animal skins and reed mats. They could house 7-8 people.Slide5
Slide6

Daily life of the

Karankawa

Clothing:

Since life on the coast has hot summers and mild winters, they didn’t need much clothing.

Some wore nothing, some wore a deerskin “breechcloth”, which is worn around the waist.

Women wore skirts of deerskin or grass.

Painted themselves with bright colors

To keep insects away, they rubbed alligator fat and dirt on their skinSlide7

Children:

Treated their children with kindness

Gave them two names: one which was known only to close family members and one that was widely known.

Belived

that a secret name protected them from danger

Because they had never been exposed to European diseases, they quickly fell ill when Europeans arrived.Slide8

Coahuiltecan

South Texas Indians

Hunter-gatherers (too dry to farm)

Nomads. Covered lots of

Territory looking for food: buffalo,

Deer, small

mamals

.

Diets also included ant eggs, lizards, snakes, spiders and worms.

Used small tools and bows and arrows to hunt. Slide9

They didn’t live in permanent houses, they placed skins over bent branches for shelter.

Held festivals and celebrations called

mitotes

Celebrated important events, such as special religious occasions, victory in battle, or a plentiful food supply.

Very similar culture to the

Karankawa

.

Many died when Europeans arrived. Many assimilated into Spanish culture and abandoned their own culture. Slide10
Slide11

Southeastern Culture Area

Caddo

Wichita

AtakapaSlide12

Caddo

East Texas Indians

Lived in permanent villages and

Farmed the land. The soil was perfect

for this.

Used crop rotation—a system for growing different crops on the same land over a period of years—to prevent the soil from wearing out.

They also set extra seeds aside for the next years crop and burned forests to provide lands for growing crops.

Grew beans, corn, squash, sunflower seeds, and tobacco.Slide13

Men and women shared the responsibility for farming.

Large population due to the overabundance of food.

Developed a large, complex civilization that was split into three confederacies:

Hasinai

,

Kadohadaco

, Natchitoches.

Built temples and mounds used for religious events (still here)

Matrilineal society.

Clothing similar to “typical” Indians: deerskin and grass clothing. They also painted their bodies.Slide14
Slide15

Wichita

West of the Caddo in North Central

Broken into four groups:

Waco,

Taovaya

, Tawakoni, Wichita

Lived along creeks and rivers. Farmers and hunters.

Lived in permanent houses. (p. 77)

Tattooed

their bodies.Slide16

Atakapa

Coastal tribe in between

Karankawa

Also ran into

p.d

. Louisiana

Farmers: grew veggies and corn

Corn was a very important crop. You could do many different things with it, like make flour and dough and popcorn.

Some think they learned to farm from the Caddo.

Also used bows and arrows to hunt game, like small animals and buffalo, and alligators.Slide17

Lived in huts made of brush.

Made pottery and wove baskets.

Similar clothing to other tribes of the Southeastern Culture: animal skin breechcloth and grass skirts.

Tatooed

their faces and bodies.

Same fate as other coastal tribes: European disease killed many and almost none were left.

Today, the

Atakapa-Ishak

nation is stationed in Port Arthur, TX.Slide18

Pueblo Culture

Jumano

West Texas Indians

Descendants of the Pueblo people of Northern New Mexico.

Adobe houses

Moved south around 1000-1200 and crossed into

p.d

. Texas, settling along the Rio Grande River. Grew corn along the riverbed.

Also gathered wild plants for food and hunted buffalo. Slide19

Lived in large villages 10,000 strong

Little cities. They’d build cities around a central plaza, like a town square. 30-40 people lived in one house. Lived in adobe-brick homes and painted the walls.

Some

Jumano

hunters lived as nomads on the plains of W. Texas as well..

Used bows and arrows to hunt.

Wore clothing and shoes made of animal hide, and made jewelry from copper, coral and turquoise.

Tattooed their faces with lines. Hair, pg. 80.Slide20

Troubled times

Traded goods when Spanish arrived. The Spanish brought horses, which the

Jumano

wanted.

Many

Jumano

, like other Indians, died from illness

Early 1500s: a horrible drought in Texas caused hardships for

Jumano

. Many moved away.

Faced attacks by Apache (plains). Many left Texas and joined other Native American groups.Slide21
Slide22
Slide23

The Plains Tribes

Tonkawa

Apache

Comanche

Kiowa

Indians moved onto the Plains of Texas after the Spanish arrived and brought horses.

Each share many characteristicsSlide24

The Tonkawa

North-Central Texas

Depended on buffalo for everything: food, clothing, shelter.

Lived on the southern edge of buffalo herds

Also gathered for foods: berries, fruits, nuts

Hunted small animals: rabbits, rattlesnakes, skunks

Hair was long and parted in the middle. Both men and women painted their bodies.

Late 1700s: Tonkawa driven from their land by other Plains Indians.

By 1900 the Tonkawa did not exist as a separate Indian group.Slide25

Tonkawas

, 1898Slide26

Apache

Originally from

p.d

. Canada, the Apache migrated to SW United States between 1000 and 1400. Two groups made it to Texas

Lepan

: western edge of the hill country to West Texas

Mescalero: West Texas to New Mexico

Organized into family groups, or bands

Families would travel and hunt together

Hunted buffalo (pg 84)Slide27

Some Lipan Apache farmed

Beans, corn, pumpkins, watermelons. They always moved with the buffalo though

Hair was worn long on one side but short on the other.

Plucked out all their beard and eyebrow hair. Wore earrings and bracelets.

Often raided neighboring Indian tribes for goods

Very non-friendly

Fought with Comanche and Spanish and were driven from Texas.Slide28
Slide29

Comanche

Took over a great amount of land in the Plains of Texas.

Lived in bands led by a chief and a war chief.

Very skilled at riding horses. Very wealthy tribe and very skilled at fighting.

Their land was called “

Comancheria

”Slide30
Slide31

Kiowa

Last Plains group to arrive in Texas.

Northern Plains (present day panhandle)

Hunted buffalo and gathered berries, fruits and nuts.

Also traded with other Indians.

Became allies with Comanche and controlled “

Comancheria

” with them.Slide32
Slide33