Psychological Disorders “We are all mad at some time or another.” - PowerPoint Presentation

Slide1

Psychological Disorders

“We are all mad at some time or another.”

- Battista

MantuanusSlide2

Psychological Disorder

Psychological

disorder

– a psychological condition characterized by behaviors and/or thinking patterns that are UMAD

Unjustifiable

- irrational, doesn’t make sense to most people

Maladaptive

– unhealthy and/or harmful

Atypical

– unusual, outside of social norms

Disturbing

– makes the individual or others feels uncomfortableSlide3

Mentally Ill vs. Insane

The term “insane” is not a clinical term, rather a legal term.

The rare “insanity defense.”

It is offensive to refer to a mentally ill individual as “crazy” or “insane.”

Often we say these terms when we are confused or uncomfortable.Slide4

Classifying Disorders

DSM 5

Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders

Published by the American Psychiatric Association

A widely used system for classifying psychological disorders.

1950 – 60 disorders

Today – over 400 disordersSlide5

Anxiety Disorders

Psychological disorders characterized by distressing, persistent anxiety or maladaptive behaviors that reduce anxietySlide6

Anxiety Disorders

Disorder

Characteristics

Generalized Anxiety Disorder

Continually tense

and

apprehensive for

6+ months

Cannot identify, avoid, or cope with anxiety source

Panic Disorder

Unpredictable minutes long panic attacks

1 in 75 people

Phobias

Persistent, irrational fear and avoidance of a specific object or situation that disrupts

normal lifeAgorophobia (fear of inability to escape situation)Social phobiaObject phobiasPost-Traumatic Stress DisorderHaunting memories, nightmares, social withdrawal, jumpy anxiety, and/or insomnia that lingers for four weeks or more after a traumatic experienceSlide7

Obsessive-Compulsive Disorder

Characterized by unwanted repetitive thoughts (obsessions) and/or actions (compulsions).

Must disrupt everyday

life

Trichotillomania

(

hair-pulling), Excoriation

(skin-picking), Hoarding

disorder

OBSESSION

= Thought

COMPULSION

= Ritual/Action

A young man

is continuously scared that a car will hit him when he walks on the sidewalk.He always walks as far from the street pavement as possible and wears red clothes so that he will be immediately visible to cars.A mother is tormented by the concern that she will contaminate her family’s food while cooking.Everyday she sterilizes all cooking utensils in boiling water, scours every pot and pan before placing food in it, and wears rubber gloves while handling food.

A young boy worries incessantly that something terrible might happen to his mother while sleeping at night.On his way to bed

each night, he climbs the stairs in the same sequence of three steps up, followed by two steps down in order to ward off the danger.Slide8

Famous OCD Sufferers

Charles Darwin

Howard Hughes

Marc Summers

Howie Mandel

Megan FoxSlide9

Mood Disorders

Psychological disorders characterized by emotional extremes

Depression is the number one reason people seek mental health services.

Mood Disorders

Disorder

Characteristics

Major Depressive Disorder

2+ weeks of significantly depressed moods, feelings of worthlessness, and diminished interest or pleasure in most activities

Not

enough serotonin absorption in the brain?

Must disrupt everyday functioning

Bipolar Disorder

Periodic

fluctuations

between depression and mania

Mania - hyperactive, wildly optimistic state (in milder forms can fuel creativity and production.)Slide10

Famous Mood Disorder Sufferers

Major Depressive Disorder

Abraham Lincoln

Woody Allen

Bob Dylan

Winston Churchill

Audrey Hepburn

Marilyn Monroe

Bipolar Disorder

Kurt Cobain

Robin Williams

Russell Brand

Carrie Fischer

Ernest Hemingway

Amy WinehouseSlide11

Schizophrenia

A

group

of severe disorders characterized by disorganized and delusional thinking, disturbed perception, and inappropriate emotions and actions.

Literally means “split mind” – split with reality

1 in 100 people

Delusions – false beliefs

I AM Santa Claus.

I know the FBI is monitoring my phone!Hallucinations – false perceptions

I SEE Santa Claus.

I HEAR the FBI listening in on my phone line!Slide12

Schizophrenia Subtypes

Type

Characteristics

Paranoid

Most common

Auditory hallucinations

Delusions about persecution or conspiracy

Disorganized

Disorganized speech or

behavior (word salad)

Difficulty

performing basic tasks

Inappropriate emotions

Less hallucinations/delusions

Catatonic

Disturbances in movement

catatonic state – withdrawal and immobility

Parrotlike

repeating of another’s speech or movements

Undifferentiated

Many and varied

symptoms that cannot be categorized

into a particular subtype

Residual

After hallucinations,

delusions, and other symptoms have mostly disappeared

Managed but may need supportSlide13

Schizophrenia’s Biological Roots

Overabundance of dopamine receptors – medication can lessen dopamine activity, amphetamines can

worsen

Less frontal lobe

activity

Paranoid – more activity in

amygdala

Shrinkage of tissue and enlargement of fluid-filled areasSlide14

Famous Schizophrenics

There are few famous schizophrenics due to its early-life development and impairment

Mary-Todd Lincoln (possibly bipolar)

Jack Kerouac

Eduard Einstein (son of Albert)

Syd

Barrett (Pink Floyd)Slide15

Dissociative Disorders

Disorders in which conscious awareness becomes separated (disassociated) from previous memories, thoughts, and feelings

Can manifest in a sudden loss of memory or change in identity

When a situation becomes overwhelmingly stressful, people are said to dissociate themselves from it



conscious awareness becomes separated from painful memories, thoughts, or feelings. Slide16

Dissociative Disorders

Disorder

Characteristics

Dissociative

Identity Disorder (DID)

AKA

multiple personalities

Two or more distinct and alternating personalities during

which the original personality denies awareness of the others

Rare and contested (controversial)

Possibility a coping mechanism for anxiety or PTSD

Dissociative Fugue

Reversible amnesia for personal identity

Sudden, unexpected travel away from home/work/life with inability to recall one's pastSlide17

Somatoform Disorders

characterized by symptoms that suggest physical illness or injury but cannot be explained fully by a medical condition, a drug substance, or another mental disorder

Somatoform

Disorders

Disorder

Characteristics

Hypocondriasis

Excessive preoccupancy or worry about having a serious illness

Often accompanied by other disorders, mainly anxiety disorders

Conversion

Disorder

Blindness, paralysis, or other nervous system (neurologic) symptoms that cannot be explained by medical evaluation

Mind-over-matterSlide18

Personality Disorders

Psychological disorders characterized by inflexible and enduring behavior patterns that impair social functioning.

Several different types – can appear similar to psychological disorders, however personality disorders are

enduring

and

inflexibleSlide19

Personality Disorders

Type

Characteristics

Avoidant

Feel inadequate

Sensitivity to others’ opinions

Lack of close relationships – fear of rejection

Borderline

Unstable sense of self

Rapid mood changes

Unstable personal relationships

Suicide attempts and self-mutilation are common

Histrionic

Seek emotion and attention

Center of attention, suggestible, emphasized physical appearanceRapid changes in emotionsExaggerated emotionsInappropriate sexual behaviorSlide20

Personality Disorders

Type

Characteristics

Narcissistic

Need for admiration

Lack empathy for others

Extreme arrogance

Believes people are envious of them

Exploits others for self gain

Fantasies of power or success

Sense of entitlement

Schizotypal

Lack of close relationships because of

discomfort

Eccentric beliefsNeed for social isolationLikely to experience delusions/hallucinationsSchziodLack of close relationships because of lack of interest and indifferenceEmotionlessSlide21

Personality Disorders

Type

Characteristics

Antisocial

Superficial charm and intelligence

Lack personal responsibility

No regret, shame, or remorse

Inability to establish close relationships

Poor judgment

Usually male

Appears before age 15

Criminal, con artist, even serial killer

Less frontal lobe activity

Less reactivity with stress hormones

“I didn’t know what made people want to be friends. I didn’t know what made people attracted to one another.” – Ted Bundy