The formation of the present tense subjunctive will be easy for you because it is exactly the same as the formal commands This time you can follow the rule for more endings than just Usted and ID: 725977
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Slide1
The Present Subjunctive and the Present Perfect SubjunctiveSlide2
The formation of the present tense subjunctive will be easy for you because it is exactly the same as the formal commands! This time, you can follow the rule for more endings than just
Usted
and
Ustedes
.
Remember, since you are switching endings, the –car, -gar, -
zar
rules apply!
Slide3
Take the
yo
form, drop the O, add the opposite ending.
COMER
Slide4
HablarSlide5
EscribirSlide6
PoderSlide7
HacerSlide8
Empezar
For -
ar
and -
er
stem-changing verbs, the formula applies except that
there is no stem change in the nosotros form ( same as commands!! )Slide9
HablarSlide10
For -
ir
stem-changing verbs, the stem change in the
nosotros
form follows these patterns:
o
ue verbs change o u; eie verbs change e i; e:i verbs change e i.Remember dormir and durmiendo?DORMIRSlide11
SentirSlide12
Buscar Slide13
LlegarSlide14
AlmorzarSlide15
IrSlide16
Irregulars
Dar
_____________
Estar ________________
Ir
_______________Saber _________________ Ver _________________ (irreg yo) Decir ________________Conocer ______________________ Slide17
A lil
something from studyspanish.com…
“All too frequently, the topic of the subjunctive is made far more difficult than is necessary. Let's try a slightly different approach, with the goal of making this topic less troublesome.
The subjunctive is not a tense; rather, it is a mood.
Tense
refers to when an action takes place (past, present, future), while
mood merely reflects how the speaker feels about the action. The subjunctive mood is rarely used in English, but it is widely used in Spanish” (http://www.studyspanish.com/lessons/subj1.htm)Slide18
Here are some examples of the subjunctive being used in English:
1. The
doctor recommends that he
take
the pills with food.
Subjunctive conjugation:
___________________________2. The law requires that you be 18 years old to vote.Subjunctive conjugation: ___________________________3. My mom wants me to go to the store.Subjunctive conjugation: __________________________Slide19
So now, on to USING the subjunctive with impersonal expressions:
Impersonal expression (this is the “trigger
”)
+
que
+ new subject + present subjunctive of the verbIt’s important that you study. (are you definitely studying? No. This person speaking feels that it’s important, but you can’t say “estudias” because that means you definitely study. The subjunctive is going to open up the idea that there is no guarantee here). In Spanish: Es importante que tú estudies. It’s important that you study (for you to study)Slide20
Sometimes in English we don’t say things exactly grammatically correct, so sometimes instead of “that” we use “for (subject) to.”
Ex: It’s
necessary for you guys to get good grades on this quiz =
what
you are really saying
is
“it is necessary that you all get good grades on this quiz.”Es necesario que ustedes saquen buenas notas en esta prueba.Slide21
You need the subjunctive with impersonal expressions when you have two different
subjects:
It’s
= one subject.
Then
you have the expression like “important” or “interesting” and then you have QUE, then a new subject like a different person or thing, then the subjunctive form of the new verb:Subject /expression + QUE + new subject + subjunctiveIt’s sad that Jacinta is not in school today =Es triste QUE Jacinta no esté en la escuela hoy.Slide22
Doubt, denial, desire, demands, impersonal expressions = all subjunctive!
Decide si la frase necesita “S” para el subjuntivo o “I” para el indicativo.
I
want
that
____He demands that ____It’s good that ____I know that ____It’s important that ____It’s definitely true that ____It’s necessary that ____It’s sad that _____It’s terrible that ______
I
need
to
think
____
It’s important to spend time with friends ___
It’s good for her to spend time with friends ____
It’s a shame to fail a test ____
It’s a shame that fails tests ____
I want to help ___
I want them to help me____Slide23
It may be helpful for you to rewrite sentences in English to be sure you know that it fits this model with the “
que
” plus a different subject:
It’s important for her to study Spanish in college= rewritten in ENGLISH = ______________________________________________________________________
Now, the Spanish version with subjunctive:
______________________________________________________________________ Slide24
It’s logical for him to arrive late tonight. =
Eng
= ______________________________________________________________________
Span = ______________________________________________________________________
It’s strange that she eats lunch alone. ______________________________________________________
It’s better for us to go to the store now. ______________________________________________________________________Slide25
It’s a shame that they don’t know the new student. ______________________________________________________________________
It’s important for her to come to class on time. ______________________________________________________________________
It’s dangerous that your dad doesn’t use a helmet! ______________________________________________________________________Slide26
Some expressions that are NOT used with the subjunctive:
It’s true that Spanish class is awesome.
It is obvious that there is snow outside.
There is no doubt that the students have played in the snow.Slide27
The present perfect subjunctive
You’ve already learned that to form the present perfect in the indicative, you take the present tense of “Haber” and attach a past participle of the verb.
Ejemplo:
He hablado con mi madre.
= I have spoken with my mother.Slide28
The subjunctive mood also has a present perfect tense! To form it, you use the present subjunctive of “Haber” plus the same past participles of the verbs.
Slide29
Haya
Hayamos
Hayas
X
Haya
HayanSlide30
You use the present perfect subjunctive to indicate that the subordinate clause (the one that depends on the other clause; often second) took place in the past.
It’s possible that he’ll go to the store:
So
: It’s possible = present.
“
that” (connects the clauses) he (may/will) go to the
store.Es posible (presente) “que” (conecta) él vaya a la tienda. <- subjunctive!!This entire sentence is in the present tense.Slide31
VS: present perfect
It’s possible that he went to the store.
It’s
possible = present.
“
that” (connects the clauses)
he went (past) to the store.You can’t have present and past in the same sentence so what they do is use the present perfect of the subjunctive to make it like it happened in the past.It’s possible = present. “that” (connects the clauses) he has gone (pres. perf) to the store.Es posible (presente) “que” (conecta) él haya ido a la tienda. (present perfect subjunctive!) Slide32
Present Subjunctive:
Es
posible
que Romeo visite a Julieta
. = It’s possible that Romeo is visiting/will visit Juliet. Present Perfect Subjunctive:Es posible que Romeo haya visitado a Julieta. = It’s possible that Romeo has visited / visited Juliet.Slide33
Present
Subjunctive
:
Es bueno que hagas eso.
=
It’s good that you are doing/will do that. Present Perfect Subjunctive:Es bueno que hayas hecho eso. = It’s good that you have done/did that.Slide34
Present subjunctive:
It’s good for her to buy food at the market ________________________________________________________________________
Present perfect subjunctive:
1a. It’s good that she bought food at the market: __________________________________________________________________Slide35
2.It’s
a shame that she has to study tonight. ____________________________________________________________________________
2a.
It’s
a shame
that she had to study tonight. ______________________________________________________________________Slide36
3.It’s
important to start the test at 4:30 pm.
______________________________________________________________________
a.It’s
important for them to start the test. ______________________________________________________________________
b.It’s important that she started the test. ______________________________________________________________________Slide37
Try these!
You may have to add a “that” in ENGLISH to better understand! Watch TENSES
.
1. Es
una lástima que ellos no
______________________
(arrived/have arrived)2. Es probable que Martina _____________________ (prepared/has prepared) un pastel.Slide38
3.It’s
doubtful that he studied/has studied for the exam.
________________________________________________________________
4.I’m
very sorry that you ate the apple. (have eaten) _________________________________________________________________________ 5. Josefina denies that she cheated (hacer trampas). __________________________________________________________________Slide39
12. It’s
good that you studied a lot!
______________________________________________________________________________
13. It’s
good for you to study a lot.
______________________________________________________________________________Slide40
6.It’s
a shame that he arrived late. ________________________________________________________________________
7.It’s
good that you studied (have studied) for this test! ________________________________________________________________________
8.It’s
logical for her to spend time with her friends.________________________________________________________________________________Slide41
9. It’s
necessary to work a lot to earn/win money.
________________________________________________________________________________
10.It’s
dangerous to travel alone!
________________________________________________________________________________
11.It’s dangerous for us to travel alone.________________________________________________________________________________