Learning Target Concentric Zone Model Developed by E W Burgess in 1925 Argues that urban land use is best represented by a series of concentric circles Created based on the layout of Chicago ID: 700599
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Slide1
Urban ModelsSlide2
LT 2. I can identify generally accepted spatial structure models. (13.2)
Learning TargetSlide3
Concentric Zone Model
Developed by E. W. Burgess in
1925
Argues that urban land use is best represented by a series of concentric circles
Created based on the layout of Chicago
Rec
ognizes five distinct zones:
The central business district -- non-residential Zone in transition -- poorest quality housing/immigrants/apartments Zone of workingmen’s homes -- second-generation immigrant settlement Zone of “better residences” -- middle class Commuters’ zone -- high-class residential
The timing is significant! Think about what else was happening in America during this time!
Urbanization
New technologies in transportation
A LOT of immigrationSlide4Slide5
Sector Model
Developed by economist Homer Hoyt in 1939
This model assumes the land use is conditioned by transportation routes radiating outward from a city center
Industrial, retailing, and residential districts extend out from the CBD like wedges
Hoyt created this model based on Chicago -- he saw the best housing extending north from Chicago along Lake MichiganSlide6Slide7
Multiple Nuclei Model
Developed by C. D. Harris and E. L. Ullman in
1945
This model assumes that urban areas have more than one focal point influencing land use
Land-use patterns are formed around several discrete nuclei that attract certain uses and repel others. These nuclei most often develop in response to the evolving transportation network. They form, for example, around major highway intersections and surrounding airports.
These multiple nuclei may have arisen in one of two ways:
They were once separate settlements but were absorbed by growth of the urban area.
They appeared as urban growth stimulated specialization and specialized centers outside the CBD, around which complementary uses then located. Residential land use develops in response to the influence of the various nuclei.post WW2-- beginning of suburbanization!Slide8Slide9
Urban Realms Model
Created by James Vance in 1964 to describe a modern metropolis
Each color represents a different ‘realm’ which serves a separate purpose, but the area still acts as one city
LA is a great example of this modelSlide10
Europe’s
CBDs
European
CBDs have more residents & more consumer services than do US CBD’s
Like
this fresh food market in Paris,
France
But they don’t have as many business services as the U.S. Slide11
Differences
Europe and USA
The
3 models explain distribution of social classes in the United States well.
Differences in Europe do not invalidate these theories, but point out social groups globally may have different reasons to select neighborhoods.
European CBD’s contain:
Beautiful old buildings
best shopsbest restaurants & cultural facilitiesSlide12
Paris
Sector Model
In
Paris wealthy citizens live between the Louvre in the CBD and another royal palace at VersailleSlide13Slide14
European
Concentric Zone
Inner ring has older attached homes,
BUT
Europe’s suburbs house the urban poorSlide15
Latin AmericaSlide16
Pre-Colonial Mexico CitySlide17
Pre-Colonial Mexico City
Mexico City, known as Tenochtitlan was built by the Aztecs before colonization. An island city, it had drawbridges to link it to the mainland.
When European powers came in they often demolished existing native towns
The lake Tenochtitlan was built upon has since been drained for an airport and city expansionSlide18
Colonial cities
Cities in developing countries follow similar patterns to European cities because many have been influenced by colonial rule
Spanish Cities in Latin America were required to follow laws outlining how colonial cities would be constructed.
At the center were a church and a central plazaSlide19
Following Independence...
The Latin American City ModelSlide20
Other International Urban Models...