Presentations INTRODUCTION PURPOSE METHODS RESULTS CONCLUSIONS REFERENCES First to isolate DNA Fredrick Meischer 1868 1950s What is the material of heredity Protein DNA Martha Chase Alfred Hershey ID: 1043911
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1. Scholar’s Days: Poster Presentations
2. INTRODUCTION, PURPOSE, METHODS, RESULTS, CONCLUSIONS, REFERENCES.
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4. First to isolate DNAFredrick Meischer (1868)
5. 1950’s: What is the material of heredity?Protein? DNA?
6. Martha Chase, Alfred Hershey
7. Bacteriophage-virus that attacks bacteria
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11. What did the Hershey-Chase Experiment prove in 1952?
12. STRUCTURE OF DNARosalind FranklinMauriceWilkinsJames Watson, Francis Crick
13. Franklin’s photograph (1953)
14. Watson and Crick Model (1953)
15. Let’s look at DNA!
16. DNA is a very thin molecule. However, it was able to be visualized in this investigation. How is this possible?DNA in a single human cell totals 3 m in length! How can it all fit in the nucleus?ISOLATION OF DNA
17. DETAILS of DNA building blocks base pairing replication
18. PhosphateSugarBaseMonomers of DNA
19. BASES:
20. BASE PAIRING
21. Directionality: 5’, 3’
22. INITIATION
23. SYNTHESIS
24. DNA REPLICATION summary
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26. http://highered.mheducation.com/sites/0072943696/student_view0/chapter3/animation__dna_replication__quiz_1_.html
27. dna replication animationhttp://www.bing.com/videos/search?q=dna+replication&view=detail&mid=CAF485D216DC2A95A7ABCAF485D216DC2A95A7AB&first=21&adlt=strict
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29. InitiationEnzymes involvedLeading strand formationLagging strand formationproofreadingREPLICATION REVIEW: talk it over!
30. DNA is packaged with proteins Chromatin that is extended is called euchromatin, and is available for transcriptionChromatin that is condensed is called heterochromatin, and is inaccessible.DNA to Protein
31. “Central Dogma” of Biology
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34. RNA processing
35. translation
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41. http://www.bing.com/videos/search?q=protein+transcription+translation+video&&view=detail&mid=B08A110C954A59179FA1B08A110C954A59179FA1&rvsmid=B08A110C954A59179FA1B08A110C954A59179FA1&FORM=VDMCNL&fsscr=0transcription in prokaryotes
42. Pearson biocoach..http://www.phschool.com/science/biology_place/biocoach/
43. What do you know?
44. What’s this??!
45. APPLICATIONS OF GENETIC KNOWLEDGEAPPLICATIONS:DNA TECHNOLOGY
46. Genetic engineering involves the modification of DNA in organisms to produce new genes within an organism, giving that individual new characteristics.
47. All organisms share same genetic code: DNA; with universal base pair ruleRecombinant DNA brings together genes (DNA) from multiple sourcesRECOMBINANT DNA
48. “tools in the tool box”
49. Bacterial transformation
50. Viruses as vectors
51. Reverse transcriptase
52. Restriction enzymes
53. EYEDON’T NODNEVER ODD OR EVENDO GEESE SEE GOD?What’s the puzzle?
54. DNA PALINDROMES
55. RESTRICTION ENZYMES:cut DNA at specific palindromes
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57. RESTRICTION ENZYMES: CUT DNA IN SPECIFIC PLACES (restriction sites)DNA CAN BE “BLUNT CUT” OR HAVE “STICKY ENDS”RESTRICTION ENZYMES
58. Allows for identification of unknown DNADNA fingerprinting (100 m bases cut with EcoR1 yields 750,000 fragments)Evidence in criminal and paternity casesDetermine prenatal conditions and diseasesUsed as a research tool to map DNASo what to do with cut up DNA?
59. WE CAN CUT DNA FROM TWO DIFFERENT SOURCES THEY MAKE THE SAME STICKY ENDSTHE TWO PIECES OF DNA WILL ANNEAL WHEN WE USE LIGASEHow do we use this to make recombinant DNA?
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61. Genetically engineered organisms (GMO)Food- golden rice, disease resistant, etc Pets-glo fish, glo miceGene therapyresearchCloned genes (inserted into bacteria)Medication- insulin, GH, antibodies, etcUses of Recombinant DNA
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63. PlasmidsPlasmids are small, circular, extrachromosomal DNA molecules found in bacteria, which canreplicate on their own, outside of a host cell. They have a cloning limit of 100 to 10,000 base pairs or0.1-10 kilobases (kb). A plasmid vector is made from natural plasmids by removing unnecessarysegments and adding essential sequences. Plasmids make excellent cloning vectors for variouslaboratory techniques, including recombinant DNA.Transformation is the modification of the genotype of a cell (usually prokaryotic) by introducing DNAfrom another source. During transformation, genetic information is transferred via the uptake offree DNA. Often these sources of DNA come from plasmids that are deliberately introduced into acell, transforming the cell with its genes. Transformation occurs naturally, and the resulting uptakeof foreign DNA by the cell is not typically considered recombinant DNA.If the plasmid being introduced to the cell has not been genetically altered, in vitro, then the plasmidis not considered to contain recombinant DNA.Plasmids that have been genetically altered, such as by the insertion of an antibiotic resistance gene,do contain recombinant DNA because the original genetic composition of the plasmid has beenartificially altered. These plasmids can be used to incorporate bacterial cells with the antibioticresistance gene via transformation.Plasmids
64. https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=8FqMUF96cPEhttps://www.youtube.com/watch?v=v2T8Y3-8674How to construct a plasmid map
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