Lorenzo A Crumbie MBBS BSc General Practitioner Lower Respiratory Tract Bronchi amp Bronchioles Lungs Pleura Outline Lower Respiratory Tract Bronchi Gross anatomy Histology Neurovascular supply ID: 1047574
Download Presentation The PPT/PDF document "The Respiratory System – Anatomy Crash..." is the property of its rightful owner. Permission is granted to download and print the materials on this web site for personal, non-commercial use only, and to display it on your personal computer provided you do not modify the materials and that you retain all copyright notices contained in the materials. By downloading content from our website, you accept the terms of this agreement.
1. The Respiratory System – Anatomy Crash CourseLorenzo A. Crumbie, MBBS, BScGeneral Practitioner
2. Lower Respiratory TractBronchi & Bronchioles Lungs | Pleura
3. Outline – Lower Respiratory TractBronchiGross anatomyHistologyNeurovascular supplyLungsGross anatomyHistologyNeurovascular supplyPleuraGross anatomyHistology
4. Tracheobronchial treeMainstem bronchi – to each lungRight & leftLobar bronchi – to each lobe of ipsilateral lungSuperior, middle & inferior on rightSuperior & inferior on leftSegmental bronchi – to bronchopulmonary segments10 – 12 on right8 – 10 on leftIntersegmental bronchi – supply subdivisions of each segmentThese branch into bronchioles, which terminate in alveoli
5. Mainstem (Primary) bronchiHeld patent by C-shaped cartilaginous rings (hyaline cartilage)Lined by respiratory epithelium
6. Lobar (Secondary, Intrapulmonary) bronchiAlso kept patent by C-shaped ringsRespiratory epithelium continuesLayer of lamina propria circumscribed by thin layer of smooth muscle
7.
8. Thoracic Cavity
9. ThoraxBony cage Protects thoracic visceraAttachment for upper limb musclesBoundaries:Thoracic inlet superiorlySternum anteriorlyRibs laterallyVertebrae posteriorlyDiaphragm inferiorly
10. SternumThree partsMaubriumBodyXiphoid process
11. RibsTrue ribs1-7Attached to the sternumFalse ribs8 – 10Joint connection to sternum via cartilaginous structureFloating ribs11 – 12O connnection to sternum
12. Atypical ribs
13. Intercostals musclesExternal intercostalsInternal intercostals
14. Intercostalis musclesTransversus thoracisSubcostal
15. Neurovasculature of intercostal space
16. Mediastinum
17. Key facts about mediastinumMiddle part of thoracic cavitySandwiched by the left and right hemithoraxOpens superiorly into the neck via the thoracic inletLimited inferiorly by the diaphragmContains: heart & great vessels, lymphatics, trachea, esophagus, thymus, and numerous neurovascular structures
18. Respiratory Anatomy Review - LRT
19. Superior mediastinumBorders: first rib (superior) - T4 (inferior)Content: thymus, trachea, esophagus, thoracic duct, aortic arch, veins (superior vena cava, brachiocephalic, left superior intercostal), nerves (vagus, phrenic, left recurrent laryngeal), lymphatics, other small arteries and veinsMnemonic: Try To Eat Toast And Vitamins Now Little Oliver
20. Anterior mediastinumBorders: T4 (superior) - T9 (inferior); sternum (anterior) - pericardium (posterior)Content: remnants of the thymus, lymph nodes
21. Middle mediastinumBorders: T4 (superior) - T9 (inferior); anterior aspect of pericardium (anterior) - posterior aspect of pericardium Content: phrenic nerve, heart, pericardium, ascending aorta, pulmonary trunk, superior vena cava, pericardiacophrenic artery
22. Posterior mediastinumBorders: T4 (superior) - T12 (inferior); posterior aspect of pericardium (anterior) - spine (posterior)Content: descending thoracic aorta, azygos veins, hemiazygos veins, accessory hemiazygos veins, thoracic duct, cisterna chyli, esophagus, esophageal plexus, vagus nerve, greater, lesser and least splanchnic nerves, lymphaticsMnemonic: on the DATE Vivian Slapped Larry
23. Lungs
24. Overview of lungsCostal surfaceMedial surfaceHilumBordersAnterior, posterior, inferiorSegments10 o the right, 8-9 on the leftPleuraVisceral & parietal layers
25. Lungs in situ
26. Lobes & Fissures - RightTwo fissuresHorizontalObliqueThree lobesSuperiorMiddle Inferior
27.
28. Lobes & Fissures - LeftOne fissureObliqueTwo lobesSuperiorInferior
29.
30.
31. Hilum (Lung root)a principal bronchus on one sidethe eparterial and hyparterial bronchus on the other sideone pulmonary arterytwo pulmonary veins (superior and inferior)bronchial arteries (one on one side, and two on the other side)bronchial veinsanterior and posterior pulmonary nerve plexuseslymphaticsbronchopulmonay lymph nodesareolar tissue
32. Bronchopulmonary segments
33. Bronchopulmonary segments