reading Inter n ational Federation of Library Association Fundamental Requirements for Bibliographic Records revised 2008 The version I used is on the course resource page httpwotanliueduhomekrichelcou ID: 777557
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Slide1
LIS512 lecture 2: FRBR
2010-09-29
Slide2reading
Inter
n
ational
Federation of Library Association “
Fundamental
Requirements for Bibliographic Records”, revised
2008
The version I used is on the course resource page
http://wotan.liu.edu/home/krichel/cou
rses
/lis512 under the
external_doc
folder.
You don’t need to read the 142 pages. Just refer to it to potentially clarify what I discuss here.
Slide3not looked at here
Some of the content relates to tasks that a user will perform on a retrieval system.
Thus there is some “
modelling
” of what a user does.
This part is off-topic for us
s
i
nce
it deals with information retrieval.
Slide4step 1
Step 1:
What
do we describe in the bibliographic universe? What are the things that are of interest to bibliographic data?
What we describe is called
an entity by FRBR. In fact it is an entity set. The vocabulary is wrong but it is convenient.
Example
entities are
“work” and “event”.
Slide5step 2
Once we know what entities we describe we can do two things. The order of the two does not matter. The two are
1: For each entity, what
about it do we describe? Example
: title of a work, start time and end time of an event.
2: What are relationships between entities? Example: a work
“is about”
an event.
--see next two slides--
Slide6attributes to entities
Once we know what entity we are describing, we can define what we want to describe about it.
The data elements we enter information about are called attributes.For example if the entity is a course, it could be the title of the course, the course number, etc…
Slide7relationship between entities
If I have two entities, I can define
relationships between them.Say if I have a course entity, and a person entity, I can define a relationship that a person is a student in a course, or a person is an instructor for a course. Entities and relationships form
an entity-relationship
model.
Slide8e
ntity
groups
FRBR groups entities into groups. The groups are numbered
Group 1: work,
expression
, manifestation,
item
Group 2: person, corporate body
Group 3: concept, object, event, place
Slide9g
roup
1:
work
The work is a distinct artistic and intellectual
creation.
It is
an
abstract entity.
It is difficult to precisely define what a work is. Borders of works may be culturally diverse.
Examples:
Shakespeare’s Hamlet
Bruckner’s
fifth
symphony
Homer’s Iliad
Slide10g
roup
1: expression
An expression is an intellectual or artistic realization of the work in the form of alpha-numeric, musical or
chorographical
notation, regardless of physical form that would not alter the contents.
Examples:
the original text of Hamlet
a version of
Bruckner’s fifth symphony
a
Russian translation of the
Iliad
Slide11g
roup
1: manifestation
The manifestation is the particular physical form of the expression
a recorded performance of Hamlet
a published score of a
version
of the fifth symphony of Bruckner
a translation of
the Iliad
published in
Russian
Difference between manifestations depend on
physical
form and intellectual contents.
Slide12g
roup
1: item
This is a
single physical copy of the manifestation
a DVD of a particular performance of Hamlet
a physical copy of a score of a version of Bruckner's fifth symphony
a copy of the Russian translation of
the Iliad
on a web site.
Slide13group 2: person
A person is an individual person.
It does not matter whether they are alive or not.
The main interest in persons is with their relationship with the work.
Slide14group 2: corporate body
A corporate “Corporate Body” is a group of persons, an organization, or a group of organizations acting as a unit.
Usually the group has to have a name, even though they may have gathered only once for, say, a meeting.
Whether a corporate body is defunct or not does not matter.
Slide15group 3: concept
A concept is an abstract notion or idea.
The concept does not need to be precise.
Bibliographic records are interested in concepts
because
they may be the subject of a work.
Slide16group 3: object
An object is a material thing.
Whether the object actually exists is not of concern.
We are interested in objects because they can be the subjects of works
.
Example in the FRBR document: Apollo 11
Slide17group 3: place
A place is a geographical location.
The place includes geographical location, be
they terrestrial
or not, and geo-political
jurisdictions
e.g. the Holy See.
Slide18group 3: event
An event is an action or occurrence.
The entity defined as an event encompasses a comprehensive range of actions and occurrences that may be the subject of a work: historical events, epochs, periods of time, etc.
Slide19aggregate entities
Many entities can be aggregates of other entities.
The USA (place) has 50 states, each of them entities of type place. The Torah (work) has five books. Each is of type work.
Slide20attributes of a work
title
form
date (of creation)
other distinguishing
characteristics (enabling distinction from other works with same title)
intended termination
intended
audience
context
Slide21attributes of a work
context (at creation time)
[for musical works]medium of performance numeric designationkey[for cartographical works]
coordinates
equinox
Slide22attributes of an expression
title
form date language other distinguishing characteristic extensibility revisability
Slide23attributes of an expression
extent
summarization of content context critical response use restrictions
Slide24attributes of expressions
[for a serial expression]
sequencing pattern expected regularity of issue expected frequency of issue [for musical expressions]type of score medium of performance
Slide25attributes of expression
[for cartographic images or objects]
scale projection presentation techniquerepresentation of reliefgeodetic, grid, and vertical measurement
Slide26attributes of expressions
for images
recording technique special characteristics technique
Slide27attributes of a manifestation
title
statement of responsibility edition/issue designation place of publication/distribution publisher/distributor date of publication/distribution
fabricator/manufacturer
series statement
Slide28attributes of a manifestation
form of carrier
extent of the carrier physical medium capture mode dimensions of the carrier manifestation identifier
Slide29attributes of a manifestation
source for acquisition/access authorization
terms of availability access restrictions[for printed books]typeface type size
[for hand-printed books]
foliation
collation
Slide30attributes of a manifestation
[for sound recordings]
playing speed groove width kind of cutting tape configuration kind of sound special reproduction characteristic
Slide31attributes of a manifestation
[for serials]
publication status numbering [for microfilm and visual projections]color reduction ratiopolarity
generation
presentation format
Slide32attributes of a manifestation
[for electronic resources]
system requirements file characteristics [for remote electronic resources]mode of access access address
Slide33attributes of an item
item identifier
fingerprint provenance marks/inscriptions exhibition history condition treatment history
scheduled treatment
access restrictions
Slide34attributes of a person
name
of the person e.g. “P.D.Q. Bach”dates of the person e.g. “1742 to 1817”title of the person e.g. “very reverend”
other designation associated with
the person e.g. “junior”
Slide35attributes of a corporate body
name of the corporate body
number associated with the corporate body place associated with the corporate body date associated with the corporate body other designations associated with the corporate body
Slide36attributes of
concept
/ object / place / eventThese three entities each just have one single, the “term”.The term for the concept / object / place / event
is the word, phrase, or group of characters used to name or designate the
concept / object
/ place / event.
Slide37primary relationships in group 1
A work “is realized through” an expression
.
An expression “is a realization” of a work.
An expression “embodied in” a manifestation
.
A manifestation “is an embodiment” of an expression.
A manifestation “is exemplified by” an item
.
An item “exemplifies” a manifestation.
Slide38group 1 to group 2 relationships
A work “is created by” a person or corporate body (P/CB).
An expression “is realized by” a P/CB.
A manifestation “is produced by” a P/CB
An item “is owned by” a P/CB
Slide39subject relationships
any entity in group one can have a subject relationship with any entity, be it in group 1, 2 or 3.
A work can be about another worka persona place / event etc…
Slide40relationships within group 1
Relationships within group one are a bit more difficult.
Whole to part relationships hold for all entities in group one and they are easy to understand.
Slide41work to work relationships
is a successor to | has
a
successor
supplements | has a
supplement
complements | has a complement
has a summary |
is a summary
of
has
an adaption |
is
an adaptation
of
has a transformation |
is a
transformation of
imitation | is
an imitation
of
has part | is
a part
of
Slide42expression to expression relationships, same work
has
an abridgement | is an abridgement ofhas a revision | is a revision of has a
translation | is
a translation
of
[for musical works]
has a transcription | is a transcription of
has
an arrangement |
is an arrangement of
Slide43expression to expression, different work
has a successor
| is a successor to has a supplement | supplements has
a complement
| complements
has
a summary
| is
a summary of
has
an adaptation
| is
an adaptation
of
has
a transformation
| is
a transformation of
has
an imitation
| is
an imitation of
Slide44expression (of different work) to work
Such relationships are used when we have a relationship between expressions, but we are not sure what expression of the work we are looking at.
an expression “has a successor” in a work an expression “is a successor to” a workan expression “has a supplement” in a workan expression “supplements” a work
Slide45expression (of different work) to work
an expression “has a complement” in a work
an expression “complements” a workan expression “has a summary” in a workan expression “is a summary” of a workan expression “has
an adaptation
” in a work
an expression “is an adaptation” of a work
an expression “has a transformation” of a work
an expression “is a transformation of” a work
an expression “has an imitation” in a work
an expression “is an imitation of” a work
Slide46manifestation to manifestation relationships
These hold for manifestations of the same expression
has a reproduction | is a reproduction of has an alternate |
is an alternate to
is part of | has part
Slide47manifestation to item
a manifestation “has
a reproduction” in an iteman item “is a reproduction” of a manifestation
Slide48item to item (same manifestation)
has
reconfiguration | is a reconfiguration of has reproduction | is a reproduction of is part of | has part