referance range for the age and sex The normal ranges vary with age neonate lt 14gdl 112mths lt 10mgdl 112ylt 11 gdl Causes of anemia can be from Reduced cell production Increased destruction ID: 909768
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Slide1
Anemia
Slide2Anemia
Hb
being below the
referance
range for the age and sex
The normal ranges vary with age
-neonate < 14g/dl
-1-12mths < 10mg/dl
-1-12y< 11 g/dl
Slide3Causes of anemia can be from
Reduced cell production
Increased destruction
Blood loss
Slide4Slide55
Clinical Features:-
Insidious onset-
even
Hb
<8g/dl, child
may
be comfortable; physical activity may not be decreased even <6g/dl- ADJUSTMENT
Rapid
– breathlessness, dizziness, faintness, fatigue, CHF, heart
murmurs-systolic
Pallor eyelids, tongue, nail
bed,PICA
Psycho neurological changes- B
12
and or Folic acid deficiency-
Megaloblastic
anemia.
pigmentation-
megaloblastic
anemia
Slide6Investigations
FBC
-what are the important parameters
Blood picture
reticulocyte
count
Investigations to detect nutrient levels
Bone marrow biopsy
Slide7Anemia of prematurity
Combination of all three
-blood loss
-reduced production
-increased
distruction
Slide8Iron deficiency anemia
Main causes are
-inadequate intake
-
malabsorption
- celiac disease
-blood loss-Hook worm infestation, chronic GI bleeding
Slide9Inadequate intake
Common in infants
Daily required iron intake of an infant is of same value that of an adult(8mg/d)
Iron sources in babies
-
brest
milk-50% of Fe absorbed
-cows milk-higher iron than
brest
milk but only 10% absorbed
-weaning food
Iron deficiency may develop if delayed introduction of mixed feeding
Slide10Diagnosis
Microcytic
hypochromic
anemia
Low serum
ferritin
Slide11Management
Dietary advice
-
brest
feed babies until 4 months
-weaning at 4-6 months
-
consume animal products with more
heam
Iron
-take pulses, beans, dark green vegetables
-do not take tea soon after a meal
Iron supplementation
Oral iron rises Fe 1g/dl per week. Should continue
upto
3 months even after
Hb
normalized in order to replenish stores
Slide12Parvovirus B 19
Causes red cell
aplasia
after infection
In children with underlying hematological disorders
Resolves
spontenously
,but may cause severe anemia
Slide13IRON PREPARATIONS
Oral-ferrous
sulphate,iron
gluconate
IV-iron
dextran
- not commonly
used,commonly
cause allergic reactions
Slide14Thank you…