Ahmed Abduljabbar Objectives Students will be able to describe the general structure of the Cerebrum and Cerebral Cortex Students will be able to identify the Cerebrum the Lobes of the Brain the Cerebral Cortex and its major regionsdivisions ID: 1042604
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1. Brain anatomy Done by:Ahmed Abduljabbar
2. ObjectivesStudents will be able to describe the general structure of the Cerebrum and Cerebral Cortex.Students will be able to identify the Cerebrum, the Lobes of the Brain, the Cerebral Cortex, and its major regions/divisions.Students will be able to describe the primary functions of the Lobes and the Cortical Regions of the Brain.
3. Cerebrum The largest division of the brain. It is divided into two hemispheres, each of which is divided into four lobes.CerebrumCerebrumCerebellum
4. Cerebral Cortex The outermost layer of gray matter making up the superficial aspect of the cerebrum.Cerebral Cortex
5. Cerebral features Gyri – Elevated ridges “winding” around the brain.Sulci– Small grooves dividing the gyri Central Sulcus – Divides the Frontal Lobe from the Parietal LobeFissures – Deep grooves, generally dividing large regions/lobes of the brain Longitudinal Fissure – Divides the two Cerebral HemispheresTransverse Fissure – Separates the Cerebrum from the CerebellumSylvian/Lateral Fissure – Divides the Temporal Lobe from the Frontal and Parietal Lobes
6. Gyri (ridge) Sulci (groove)Fissure (deep groove)
7. Longitudinal FissureSpecific Sulci/FissuresTransverse Fissure
8. Lobes of the Brain (4)FrontalParietalOccipitalTemporal* Note: Occasionally, the Insula is considered the fifth lobe. It is located deep to the Temporal Lobe.
9. Lobes of the Brain - FrontalThe Frontal Lobe of the brain is located deep to the Frontal Bone of the skull. It plays an integral role in the following functions/actions:Memory Formation Emotions Decision Making Personality
10. Primary Motor Cortex/ Precentral GyrusBroca’s AreaOrbitofrontal CortexOlfactory BulbModified from: http://www.bioon.com/book/biology/whole/image/1/1-8.tif.jpg
11. Lobes of the Brain - Parietal LobeThe Parietal Lobe of the brain is located deep to the Parietal Bone of the skull. It plays a major role in the following functions/actions:Senses and integrates sensations Spatial awareness and perception(Proprioception - Awareness of body/ body parts in space and in relation to each other)
12. Primary Somatosensory Cortex/ Postcentral GyrusSomatosensory Association CortexPrimary Gustatory Cortex
13. Lobes of the Brain – Occipital Lobe The Occipital Lobe of the Brain is located deep to the Occipital Bone of the Skull. Its primary function is the processing, integration, interpretation, etc. of VISION and visual stimuli.
14. Occipital Lobe – Cortical RegionsPrimary Visual Cortex – This is the primary area of the brain responsible for sight -recognition of size, color, light, motion, dimensions, etc.Visual Association Area – Interprets information acquired through the primary visual cortex.
15. Primary Visual CortexVisual Association Area
16. Lobes of the Brain – Temporal LobeThe Temporal Lobes are located on the sides of the brain, deep to the Temporal Bones of the skull.They play an integral role in the following functions: Hearing.Organization/Comprehension of language.Information Retrieval (Memory and Memory Formation)
17. Temporal Lobe – Cortical RegionsPrimary Auditory Cortex – Responsible for hearing Primary Olfactory Cortex – Interprets the sense of smell once it reaches the cortex via the olfactory bulbs. (Not visible on the superficial cortex) Wernicke’s Area – Language comprehension. Located on the Left Temporal Lobe. Wernicke’s Aphasia – Language comprehension is inhibited. Words and sentences are not clearly understood, and sentence formation may be inhibited or non-sensical.
18. Primary Auditory CortexWernike’s AreaPrimary Olfactory Cortex (Deep)Conducted from Olfactory Bulb
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20. Lobes and Structures of the BrainB. A.C. D. E.F. G.
21. Lobes and Structures of the BrainB. A. (groove)C. (groove) D. E.F. G. B. Frontal LobeG. Parietal LobeF. Occipital LobeD. Temporal LobeA. Central Sulcus(groove)E. Transverse FissureC. Sylvian/Lateral Fissure
22. Cortical RegionsA.B.C.D.E.F.G.H.I.J.K.
23. Cortical RegionsA.B.C.D.E.F.G.H.I.J.K.A. Primary Motor Cortex/ Precentral GyrusB. Broca’s AreaC. Orbitofrontal CortexK. Primary Somatosensory Cortex/ Postcentral GyrusI. Primary Gustatory CortexJ. Somatosensory Association CortexG. Primary Visual CortexH. Visual Association AreaE. Primary Auditory CortexF. Wernike’s AreaD. Primary Olfactory Cortex (Deep)
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