Direct Object This is the thing that is directly affected by the action of the verb Feriebat Kylia Zenniam Kylie was hitting Zhenni Hoc feci I made this Jacobus ID: 754521
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Slide1
ACCUSATIVES!Slide2
The accusative is not as complicated as some of our other cases. Most people deal with it pretty intuitively (which is why your Ecce books introduced it early), but it does do more than one thing.Slide3
Direct Object
This is the thing that is directly affected by the action of the verb.
Feriebat
Kylia
Zenniam
. –Kylie was hitting
Zhenni
.
Hoc
feci
. –I made
this
.
Jacobus
Niger
mihi
dat
spem
. –Jack Black gives me
hope
.Slide4
Cognate or Internal Accusative
This is still a use of the direct object, but it is worth getting a special note. An internal accusative is one whose meaning is already implied by the meaning of the verb that takes it.
Facta
Ieffo
facit
. –Jeff
does
deeds
.
Facinora
Valcerus
facit
! –Walker
commits
crimes
!
Antonius
vitam
vivit
. –Anthony lives life.
Dona
donare
Jasmina
amat
. –Jasmine likes to
give
gifts
.Slide5
Predicate Accusative
This would be a word in the accusative that refers to the direct object already in the sentence, but it is not an appositive. It is seen with verbs of
naming
,
choosing
,
appointing
,
making
,
esteeming
and
showing
.
Collegium
Latinum
fecit
Hansonem
consulem
. –The Latin Club made Hanson
consul
.
Putasne
librum
non
bonum
? –Do you think the book is not
good
?
Filium
Caesaris
senatus
appellavit
Augustum
. –The senate called Caesar’s son
Augustus
.Slide6
Secondary Object
Some verbs can take two accusative objects, most commonly seen with verbs of
asking
or
teaching
.
One object is the person,
the secondary object is the thing taught/asked.
Docebo
Zitonem
. –I will teach
Zito
.
Docebo
linguam
Latinam
. –I will teach
Latin
.
Docebo
Zitonem
linguam
Latinum
. –I will teach
Zito
Latin
.Slide7
Duration/Extent of Space or Time
The accusative show how far or long something extends as oppose to when or where something is (expressed by locative ablatives). See the difference below.
Tam sum
defessus
ut
tres
dies
dormiam
. –I am so tired that I will sleep
for three days
.
(Tam sum
defessus
ut
tribus
diebus
dormiam
. –I am so tired that I will sleep in three days.)
Tres
milia
passus
Dana
plaustrum
egit
per
viam
. –Dan drove his cart
for three miles
down the road.Slide8
Subject of an Indirect Statement
After learning that the accusative is the D.O. you find that it can be a subject
within
an indirect statement.
Audivi
Fontem
decore
saepe
uti
. –I heard that
Fontes
often uses good taste.
Omnes
scimus
senatores
altercaturos
semper
esse
. –We all know that the
senators
will always bicker.Slide9
Exclamatory Accusative
There not a lot of explanation here. When the Romans exclaim, they often do so in the accusative.
Me
miseram
!
–Oh miserable/unfortunate me!
Pro
deos
immortales
! –To the immortal gods!
Me
Iovem
! –By Jove! (By Jupiter)Slide10
Accusative of Specification/Accusative of Respect/Greek Accusative
Allen and
Greenough
also call this the
synecdochical
accusative. It is used in poetry and later Latin. It indicates a part or thing affected.
Occulum
Zennia
feriebatur
a
Kylia
.
Zhenni
was struck by Kylie
in the eye
.
Domos
Romanis
Gallos
petiverunt
. –The Romans attacked the
Gauls
with respect to their homes
.Slide11
Prepositions
Don’t forget that there’s also a slew of prepositions that take the accusative.
ad - to
adversus
- against
adversum
- towards
ante - before
apud
- at, near
circa - around
circum - around
circiter
- about
cis
,
citra
- this side
contra - against
erga
- towards
extra – outside
in - into
infra - below
inter - among
intra - inside
iuxta
- near
ob - on account of
penes
- in the power of
per - through
pone - behind
post - after
praeter
- beyond
prope
- near
propter - on account of
secundum
- next to
sub - under
subter
- beneath
super - above
supra - above
trans - across
ultra - on the further side
versus - towards